Fruit tree fertilization to solve four major problems

It is difficult to unify the fertilization rate of all kinds of fertilization standards. Most fruit farmers only use their experience and reference materials to fertilize. It is often the case that too much fertilization causes fruit trees to grow into flowers. Some are excessive phosphate fertilizer, causing zinc deficiency; some are excessive potassium fertilizer, resulting in calcium deficiency. Improvement method: Abandon the original outdated fertilization standard. The amount of organic fertilizer applied per mu is measured in cubic meters. Do not use kilograms or kilograms. The difference in organic fertilizers due to different types and wet and dry is not good by weight. The amount of chemical fertilizer per mu should be determined according to the yield and quality. When the fruit tree is used in small years, the nitrogen fertilizer should be less. In the new year, the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be balanced, and the amount of various elements and the difference in soil fertility should be up and down 20%. ~30%. According to research, 2500 kilograms of apple per mu, 3 to 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 17.5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 9 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, and 13.75 kilograms of potassium fertilizer; 2500 kilograms of pear per mu, 3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer and 12 to 13 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer. 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10 kg of potash fertilizer; 3 m of organic fertilizer, 17.5-20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 15.2 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 27.8 kg of potassium fertilizer in the high-yield garden. Applying compound fertilizer to meet the minimum nutrient content, the nutrient content is supplemented with elemental fertilizer, that is, if the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is not enough, it can be supplemented with urea.

Fertilizers with irrational fruit trees require a variety of elements, of which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important. For apples and pears, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1, and the peach is 10:4:16. Many fruit farmers in production only pay attention to supplementing nitrogen and phosphorus, neglecting the supplement of potassium and trace elements, which makes the quality of fruit difficult to improve, and the phenomenon of large and small years is serious. Improvement method: On the basis of applying sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, the three elements should be supplemented reasonably and scientifically. If there are symptoms of deficiency, it is necessary to supplement the trace elements with organic fertilizer. Conditional fertilization can be carried out on soil testing.

Under the fertilization period, many fruit farmers do not pay attention to the autumn fertilizer, and they do not pay much attention to the staged fertilization, which directly affects the improvement of fruit quality and yield. The advantages of autumn-based base fertilizer: First, fruit trees can absorb the fertilizer applied in the peak growth period in autumn; second, the base fertilizer can be healed in time, and the roots can be healed in time, which has little effect on the tree potential. In the spring, the base fertilizer is the opposite. The applied fertilizer can not be absorbed and utilized at the time, and when the roots are broken, it affects the tree potential and even affects the fruit setting and flower bud differentiation. Staged fertilization is also very important. One-time fertilization will inevitably result in waste of fertilizer and even fat damage. Improvement method: Generally speaking, it is necessary to pay attention to the autumn application of base fertilizer, 60% to 80% of phosphate fertilizer, which should be applied in the form of base fertilizer, combined with the application of a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in spring, summer fruit expansion period and flower bud differentiation. During the period, the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. Most of the potassium fertilizer should be applied 20 days before the fruit expansion period and fruit coloring.

Improper application of fertilizer and watering In the production of many fruit farmers pay more attention to fertilization work, but often ignore the watering work. Although a lot of fertilization, due to soil drought, fertilizer efficiency can not be maximized, thus having a great impact on fruit yield and quality. Improvement method: watering should be carried out in time after fertilization, and watering should be carried out in time when the soil is dry. In water-deficient areas, tree trays can be covered to keep the soil moist and increase soil organic matter.


Source: Qinghai Science and Technology News

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