Explosives refer to items that can undergo a violent chemical reaction under external action (such as heat, friction, impact, etc.), which instantaneously generate a large amount of gas and heat, causing sudden rise in surrounding pressure, explosion, and damage to the surrounding environment. Also includes items that do not present an overall explosion hazard but have a risk of burning, projectile, and minor explosion hazards.
Second, the general disposal procedures for explosives leakage
Explosives can be rescued by fire, water, foam (higher foam), carbon dioxide, dry powder, etc., but the best fire extinguishing agent is water. Because water can penetrate into the interior of the explosive to form a soft plastic film on the crystallized surface of the explosive, the crystal is surrounded and passivated. Since the explosive itself contains both combustibles and oxidants, it does not need the oxygen in the air to burn continuously after the fire, and under certain conditions, it will turn from fire to explosion. Therefore, the explosive can not be extinguished by suffocation. The first thing is Cool with plenty of water, do not cover with sand, or use steam and acid-base foam to extinguish the fire.
When the fire is in the room or in the cabin or in the cabin, it is necessary to quickly open the doors and windows and the hatch, and shoot the water inward, but never close the doors and windows and the hatch to suffocate the fire; pay attention to the use of the shelter, in the fire, the wall, the low-lying Locations, trunks, etc. can be used.
Since some explosives are not only toxic, but also the products of combustion are poisonous, attention should be paid to anti-virus when extinguishing fires. Insulated oxygen or air breathing apparatus should be worn when toxic explosives catch fire to prevent poisoning.
Disposal measures for compressed gas and liquefied gas leakage accidents
1. Definition of compressed gas and liquefied gas
Compressed gas and liquefied gas system refer to compressed, liquefied or pressurized dissolved gas. When heated, impacted or strongly vibrated, the pressure inside the container will increase sharply, causing the container to rupture and explode, or causing the cylinder valve to loosen and leak. Fire or poisoning accident.
Second, the general disposal procedures for compressed gas and liquefied gas leakage
1, leak treatment
If the cylinder leaks, try to tighten the nozzle, and the tank or tank truck leaks to stop the leak. The ammonia bottle leak should be immersed in the water. Other poisonous gas leaks should be immersed in lime water or water. The operator should wear a gas mask.
2, fire treatment
When the leaking gas catches fire, if possible, move the adjacent cylinders beyond a safe distance and try to stop the leak. It must be noted that if the leaked gas is on fire, the fire must not be extinguished before the gas stops leaking, otherwise the combustible gas will accumulate, forming an explosive or toxic and asphyxiating mixture. Therefore, the container should be placed before stopping the leak. Cool down and extinguish the fire when it is able to try to stop the escape.
When the leaking gas cylinder is on the ground and is conducive to the safe dissipation of the gas, the fire can be extinguished by normal methods; otherwise, a large amount of water spray should be used to prevent the internal pressure of the cylinder from rising.
When other substances are on fire to threaten the safety of the cylinder, apply a large amount of water to the cylinder to keep it cool. If possible, remove the cylinder from the fire or danger zone; even after cooling, the heated acetylene bottle It is also possible to explode, so it should be cooled to the allowable pressure at ambient temperature for a long time, and it will not rise.
Disposal measures for flammable liquid leakage accidents
First, the definition of flammable liquid
Flammable liquid refers to liquids, liquid mixtures or liquids containing solid substances with a flash point equal to or lower than 61 ° C, but does not include liquids that have been included in other categories due to their risk. This type of material is volatile at room temperature and its vapor and air mix to form an explosive mixture.
Second, the general disposal procedures for flammable liquids
When flammable liquid leaks, plugging should be implemented to eliminate the source of danger. Once a flammable liquid catches fire, it develops rapidly and violently, sometimes even exploding and is not easy to save.
1. For fires of hydrocarbon-based compounds that are lighter than water and insoluble in water or slightly soluble in water, such as petroleum, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, benzene, ether, petroleum ether, etc., fire extinguishing agents such as foam, dry powder and halogenated alkane can be used.
2. For flammable liquids such as carbon disulfide that are insoluble in water and have a relative density greater than water, they can be saved with water because water can cover the surface of these flammable liquids and be isolated from the air, but the water layer must have A certain thickness.
3. For flammable liquids that are soluble in water or partially soluble in water, such as alcohols, esters, and ketones, when fired, use water-based water or anti-solvent foam, dry powder and halogenated alkane to extinguish the oil, or use water. dilution.
Disposal measures for leakage of flammable solids, pyrophoric articles and wet and flammable materials
1. Definition of flammable solids, pyrophoric articles and wet combustibles
Flammable solids are solids that have low ignition points, are sensitive to heat, impact, and friction, are easily ignited by external sources of ignition, burn quickly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases.
Self-igniting articles are articles that have a low self-ignition point, are prone to oxidation reactions in the air, emit heat, and burn themselves.
Wet flammable materials refer to violent chemical reactions that occur when water or moisture is exposed, releasing a large amount of flammable gases and heat. Some can burn or explode without an open flame.
2. General disposal procedures for leakage of flammable solids, pyrophoric articles and wet and flammable materials
1. Flammable solids catch fire
The vast majority can be used to save water, especially wet explosives and solids that can cause fire by friction and Class C flammable solids can be used for water saving. Fire extinguishers such as foam fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and dry powders are also available. Come to the emergency.
When the nitroso compound and the diazonium salt compound are on fire, the suffocation method may not be used to extinguish the fire, and it is preferable to use a large amount of water to cool the fire. Because such materials burn, there is no need for the participation of oxygen in the outside air.
Magnesium powder, aluminum powder, titanium powder, and other metal element powder fires cannot be rescued by water, nor can they be rescued by carbon dioxide. Because such materials can generate relatively high temperatures when they are on fire, high temperatures can decompose water molecules or carbon dioxide molecules, causing an explosion or making the combustion more intense. Since the phosphide of sulfur such as phosphorus tetrasulfide or phosphorus pentasulfide is decomposed to produce flammable and toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, it can not be rescued by water.
2, spontaneous combustion items on fire
Yellow phosphorus and other water can be rescued, and it is best to immerse in water; wet cotton, oil paper, oil silk, tarpaulin, celluloid debris, etc., which have the danger of heat and spontaneous combustion, can generally be saved with water. When a self-igniting item that is in danger of being wet and flammable is on fire, it cannot be rescued by any substance such as carbon dioxide, water or water (such as foam).
3, the wet spontaneous combustion items caught fire
From the current research results, the best fire extinguishing agent for fire on flammable materials is trimethyl metaborate (7150), dry sand, loess, dry powder, stone powder, etc. can also be used. For metal potassium and sodium fires, the effects of dry salt, alkali surface, graphite, and iron powder are also good.
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