â–² Purdue University researchers found that ceramic metal materials can transfer heat at higher temperatures and higher pressures, improving the efficiency of solar power generation.
Although solar power accounts for a small proportion of the total electricity usage in the United States (about 2%), if the cost of power generation and energy storage in cloudy and nighttime can be reduced, the status of solar power generation can be higher. "Nature" (Nature) magazine reported on October 17, the United States Purdue University (PU), Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT), the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWM) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), etc. This new material and manufacturing process will make solar power generation more efficient. Kenneth Sandhage, a professor of PU materials engineering, said: "Storing solar energy in the form of thermal energy is cheaper than battery energy storage. What should be considered is how to reduce the cost of solar power generation."
In the impression of ordinary people, solar power is just a large panel on a farm or roof. But for solar power, another more important option is a centralized power plant that uses thermal energy. Power plants use lenses to concentrate large amounts of light into small areas, and then transfer the heat in the small areas to molten salt, which is then transferred to the working fluid-supercritical carbon dioxide (SUD). After the SUD expands, it can push the turbine to generate electricity. In order to reduce the cost of solar power generation, turbines need to generate more electricity with the same heat, which means that the temperature needs to be increased. But the problem ensues: At present, the heat exchangers used by the molten salt to transfer heat to SUD are mostly made of stainless steel or nickel-based alloys, which are easily softened under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
Inspired by the synthetic materials previously discovered by his team to cope with high-temperature and high-pressure environments such as solid fuel rocket nozzles, Sandy Haji collaborated with Asegun Henry, a researcher at the current Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), to design A composite material composed of ceramic zirconium carbide and metal tungsten is used to improve the temperature and pressure resistance of heat exchangers. Researchers at GIT, UWM and ORNL have separately tested the heat exchange performance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of cermet materials, confirming that the new materials can significantly improve the performance of heat exchangers.
GIT and PU researchers also calculated the cost of new materials. They believe that compared with stainless steel or nickel alloy heat exchangers, the mass production cost of heat exchangers made of new materials is lower. Sandy Haji believes that the new technology is expected to make solar power become the protagonist of the power grid and reduce the carbon dioxide generated in the power production process.
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