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The use of crop straws for returning crops has always been a problem that has plagued agricultural production. Hefei Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences experts use ion beam mutagenesis techniques to change the cell structure of rice stem stalks, making them brittle in the field and not easy to lodging, when harvested, ordinary harvesters ploughed over, this "brittle stalk" then "powder", local Also field fertilizer.
The return of crop straws can return effective nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil and improve soil fertility. However, due to the pliability of the crop straws, the machinery is difficult to crush. So every harvest season, farmers have to burn straw, not only bring serious environmental pollution, but also cause the waste of biomass resources.
"If you can make the straw brittle, you can easily smash it," said Liu Binmei, Ph.D., of the Institute of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institute of Materials Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Prior to this, many researchers at home and abroad were looking for ways to make the straw brittle, but the results have been unsatisfactory.
Liu Binmei introduced that their research group started with the inheritance of crop varieties and used ion beams to irradiate rice seeds to change the lignin content, cellulose content and proportion of stem cells.
After repeated and extensive experiments, the research team obtained a mutant sample. After its maturity, the stalks are brittle and not fall down. The leaves and grains are not brittle and can be used in normal field operations. Further studies showed that the mutant became brittle due to the decrease of cellulose content in stem cells and the increase of hemicellulose and lignin content.
To evaluate the application potential of this mutant, the ion beam bioengineering laboratory conducted a large-scale field production trial in Feixi County, Hefei City, which showed strong growth capacity and resistance to lodging, with a yield increase of about 5%; and pest resistance. There is no obvious change in sex; machinery harvesting during mature period, the straw is easy to smash, the length of the crushed straw is more than 85% less than 5cm, and the longest does not exceed 10cm. At the same time, brittle stalk rice is suitable for feeding livestock, and it is a good feed source for animal husbandry.
Liu Binmei said that the research team is still further studying the field supporting management measures in the process of brittle rice cultivation, including fertilizer, pesticide dosage, cultivation methods, and strive to put this technology into production as soon as possible.
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