Ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs), as an effective strategy to broaden the response range of photovoltaics, have received attention and development in recent years. This is mainly due to the similar preparation process of TOSCs as binary devices and the material sources brought about by the development of non-fullerene receptors. Currently, the photovoltaic efficiency of TOSCs based on the high-efficiency non-fullerene receptor Y6 system has reached 18%. . TOSCs have good mechanical properties, light transmittance and the possibility of large-area processing, and have great development potential in the field of translucent and flexible electronic devices. However, not all materials with matching energy levels and complementary absorption spectra can be used as guests to prepare ternary devices. Compared with the host binary system, the introduction of the third component (guest) may destroy the ordered molecular accumulation and nano-interpenetrating network in the original binary blend film, thereby increasing the recombination loss and reducing the energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, the third component needs to have good compatibility with the host material to ensure that the introduction of the guest is used as a morphology control agent rather than a complex center or morphology trap. Although the compatibility between subject and object can be studied through some testing methods, the choice of the third component is currently more based on experience or trial and error.
The Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Research Group of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences has made progress in the study of TOSCs host-guest interaction. Based on the previous research on the alkyl side chain-aromatic end new side chain receptor LA1 (Advanced Materials, 2019, 1807832; Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 1903596; Advanced Science, 2020, 7, 1903455), through the regulation of the receptor The end-capping group is designed to be a more crystalline material LA9. Compared with LA1 with moderate crystallinity, LA9's stronger self-aggregation results in heavier phase separation and higher charge recombination loss in the binary active layer, making the binary battery PM6:LA9 the highest photovoltaic efficiency (13.12%) Weaker than PM6:LA9 binary system (13.89%). Nevertheless, LA9 and LA1 are added as the third component to the binary host system PM6:NCBDT-4Cl (PCE=13.48%), and the photovoltaic efficiency of the two TOSCs constructed has been greatly improved (>15%). Compared with LA1 ternary devices (15.39%), LA9 ternary cells have higher photovoltaic efficiency (15.75%). Considering that the LUMO energy level of LA9 is higher than that of LA1, if the influence of the open circuit voltage is excluded, LA9 is actually better than the LA1 object in controlling the ternary morphology. Studies have found that the material crystallinity of LA9 is stronger than that of LA1. However, there is relatively weak intermolecular interaction between LA9 and the host to the receptor molecules. The moderate interaction between the guest receptor and the donor is conducive to the orderly accumulation of the donor molecules, while the relatively weak interaction between the guest receptor and the host receptor can promote higher The compatibility of the ternary system can optimize the molecular orientation and nano-morphology of the ternary system, improve the charge transport performance, and suppress the recombination loss. This is the internal mechanism that LA9 ternary devices are better than LA1 ternary devices. Compared with the reported high-efficiency ternary devices, the research team studied the interaction between the guest component in the ternary system and the host to the acceptor material, providing new ideas for the development of high-efficiency ternary organic solar cells.
Related research results are published online on Advanced Functional Materials. Doctoral student Jiang Huanxiang from Qingdao Energy Institute is the first author of the paper. Researchers Bao Xichang and Yang Renqiang from Qingdao Energy Institute and associate researcher Li Yonghai are the corresponding authors. The research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, and the Dalian Institute of Physics-Qingdao Institute of Energy Convergence Development Project, and was assisted by Yang Chunming, a researcher at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Source.
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