If you want to improve the performance of a lithium-ion battery mounted in a mobile terminal or car, the risk of fire will increase. The reason is that traditional lithium-ion batteries use flammable liquids as electrolytes. For this reason, Japan is advancing the development of an "all-solid-state battery" that replaces electrolytes with solids such as non-combustible ceramic materials. The Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Chinese version: Nikkei Chinese version) interviewed the research progress of Japanese universities that are striving to achieve rapid charging and battery capacity increase.
"Now it takes more than an hour for a smart phone to be fully charged, but the new type of battery will strive to achieve full charge within one second," said Taro Taro, a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, who made such a rhetoric. Professor Ichiro is trying to achieve unprecedented instant charging by improving the performance between the solid electrolyte and the battery's positive electrode.
All-Solid Lithium-Ion Battery Tested by Tokyo Institute of Technology All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Piloted by Tokyo Institute of Technology
Current battery charging is time-consuming because this time causes poor contact between oxides of different solids and increases resistance. Isugi believes that "if we can connect different kinds of solids on the atomic level, we can reduce the resistance." He is experimenting repeatedly based on this idea.
Ichiro uses lithium oxide-nickel manganese, which is of interest to automotive manufacturers, as a positive electrode, and lithium phosphate as an electrolyte. By applying the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing technology, the electrolyte is formed into a thin film on the surface of the positive electrode, thereby reducing the resistance between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode to one-tenth to one tenth of the resistance between the liquid electrolyte and the positive electrode.
Tokyo University of Technology is co-developing with a large semiconductor-related company and is expected to trial production of a battery that can be actually used after one year. The next goal is the car. The university will team up with large automakers to apply empirically low resistance on the film to bulk cells to develop batteries that can be used for long periods of time.
The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) is also developing an all-solid-state battery using an oxide electrolyte. Gao Tianhe, head of the Japan Institute of Substance and Materials Research, which is responsible for the related projects, pointed out carefully that “Although the development momentum of the film is good, it takes time to replace the block battery for vehiclesâ€. Despite this, Prof. Yi Shan still expressed with confidence that "if the problem on the film is solved, the block is also applicable."
Nasaki University developed an oxide solid electrolyte. Blackened state before electricity (left) and after short circuit Solid oxide electrolyte developed by Nagasaki University. Dark state before (left) and after short circuit
On the one hand, Takashi Yamada, a associate professor at the Nagasaki University who participated in the Japan Science and Technology Agency project, said that he is working on increasing the current density and increasing the capacity. In the electrolyte, a ceramic material "lithium oxide·cerium·zirconium·cerium" was used, and metallic lithium was used for the negative electrode.
As a negative electrode material, the storage capacity of metallic lithium is optimal. However, in repeated charge and discharge, a dendritic crystal called dendrite is generated in the metallic lithium and passes through the electrolyte to reach the positive electrode, thereby causing a short circuit.
Prof. Yamada developed a new technology to suppress dendrite formation and published the technique at the "Electrochemistry Society" conference held in March at the academia conference held in Hachioji, Tokyo.
The electrolyte is made by burning and curing the particles of the oxide, and the dendrites are formed after the sintered particles flow through the gaps between the particles. In this regard, Prof. Yamada et al. mixed and sintered oxide particles with a diameter of about 2 μm and lithium hydroxide with a low melting point so that lithium hydroxide with a thickness of about 0.5 μm covered the surface of the particles and filled the gap. The results of the electrification experiment showed that the current density before the short circuit can be increased by a factor of 3 compared to the uncovered particles.
Prof. Yamada said, "We will strive to use the power supply for sensors that can be charged by solar energy, wind power, and vibration."
Although the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries has only just begun, safety and high performance make it attractive. In addition to automobiles, the future is expected to be applied to sensors for the Internet of Things (ioT) and to remotely recover natural resources.
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