Wheat is the second largest food crop in China after rice. China has a vast territory and complex geographical conditions. There are many types of wheat pests and diseases, and the scope of occurrence is large, and the damage is very serious. According to statistics, the annual wheat production in China is reduced by about 30% due to various pests and diseases. Grasping the prevention and control of autumn sowing period can play a multiplier role in controlling the damage of various pests and diseases of wheat. In recent years, under the vigorous promotion of the agricultural departments at all levels, large-scale chemical dressings controlled by autumn seedlings and pests have been carried out in various places, so that the annual wheat pests and diseases are effectively controlled. Biological pesticide
First, the main control objects and main areas for wheat autumn seeding and dressing
1. Wheat stripe rust, and treat wheat powdery mildew. The main area is the area of ​​wheat stripe rust in summer and autumn seedlings.
2. Soil-borne diseases, mainly sheath blight, total erosion, root rot. It mainly includes areas with large soil moisture in Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hebei, Shaanxi, etc. in the Yangtze River Basin and the lower reaches of the Huanghuai River Basin, and new areas of total wheat eclipse.
3. The system infects diseases, mainly stalk smut, smut and smut. There is no fixed occurrence area depending on the amount of soil carried through the soil and the incidence of previous varieties.
4. Underground pests, mainly cockroaches, cockroaches and golden worms. The main planting areas of wheat have occurred, and should be based on the occurrence of the previous year. Underground pests generally bite the roots of wheat in the autumn seedling stage and after returning to green, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges.
Second, how to carry out chemical dressing
The use of pesticide dressing to control wheat pests and diseases should adopt the method of district management, and determine the type of seed dressing, the application method and the dosage according to the type of local pests and diseases.
1. Wheat stripe rust disease prevention and control in summer and wintering areas use triazole fungicides with systemic conduction and long-lasting effect, such as triadimefon (also known as triadimefon), triazolol (also known as hydroxy rust) , propiconazole, terazosazole, diniconazole, etc., can be selected according to the source of the drug; for the region where multiple pests and diseases occur simultaneously and alternately in the seedling stage, it is advisable to use fungicides and insecticides for mixed seed dressing. To achieve the purpose of treating both underground pests, midges, aphids and other seedling pests. The concentration of triazolone and other fungicides is very low, and the seed dressing can achieve a good disease prevention effect according to the ratio of 0.03% (active ingredient) of dry seed weight. After the treatment of wheat seeds, the emergence of seedlings is often delayed (generally late emergence) 1 to 2 days), plant dwarfing, but no adverse effects on emergence rate, late growth and yield. If overdosed, it can cause phytotoxicity.
2. Prevention and control of underground pests
Mixing wheat seeds and treating soil before sowing is the most effective measure to control wheat underground pests. Seed dressing treatment: For the general pests of underground pests, the method of pesticide dressing can be used for prevention and treatment. 50% phoxim seed dressing can be selected, according to the seed amount of 0.2%, that is, 100 kg of seed medicine 100 g, water 2-3 kg, 48% chlorpyrifos EC can also be used for seed dressing 0.3% of seed weight, after mixing It can be sown in 4-6 hours, which can effectively control underground pests. Treatment of soil: The serious pests in the underground pests should be treated with soil treatment and seed dressing. The soil treatment can be applied to the ground with 3% phoxim granules 2-2.5 kg, and then turned into the soil. . It can also use 250% of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1-2 kg of water, and 20-25 kg of fine soil to make toxic soil, spread evenly on the ground, and then turn into the soil.
3. Prevention and treatment of diseases such as smut, total eclipse and powdery mildew
The use of chemical dressing can not only prevent and control wheat smut, but also effectively control the occurrence and damage of wheat rust, total eclipse and powdery mildew before winter, and reduce the amount of overwintering bacteria.
(1) Scattered smut, smut, root rot, sheath blight, total eclipse, etc., 40% pentachloronitrobenzene can be dry mixed with 0.5% of the weight of the wheat (ie 40 grams per acre, mixed with wheat about 8 kg), control wheat smut; also choose 6% tebuconazole (Likexiu) suspension of a bag (10 ml), add water 0.8-1 kg, seed 50- 70 kg, or 2.5% flufenic acid (Shrox) suspension agent for wheat seed dressing at the recommended dosage, while treating both autumn seedling rust and powdery mildew; using 15% powder rusting wettable powder according to seed weight 0.2% seed dressing Or 20% triadimefon EC 1 kg plus water 5 kg, mixed with 500 kg of wheat, can prevent powdery mildew, leaf rust.
(2) In the severely affected area of ​​wheat total eclipse, 12.5% ​​thiamethoxam (all etched) suspension agent can be used for seed treatment, which has good control effect on wheat total etch disease. Generally use a whole etched net bag (20 ml), first water 300-500 ml, can mix 20-25 kg of seeds, mix and mix for 6-12 hours (favorable for the drug to play and kill the pathogens) Soak in the shade and dry.
(3) In the area of ​​wheat yellow dwarf disease and plexus dwarf disease, imidacloprid can be used to treat seeds, control poisonous insects, control the occurrence of wheat yellow dwarf disease and bush dwarf disease, and at the same time treat underground pests.
(4) A variety of disease and pest mixed areas, it is necessary to vigorously promote the use of fungicides and insecticide compound coating agents or seed dressings for coating or seed treatment. Appropriately formulated seed coatings or seed dressings should be selected according to the local main pests and diseases. The dosage is usually the same as that of the single agent in the compounding agent.
Third, matters needing attention
1. Determine the type of medication based on the condition of the diseased pest. If the local wheat seedlings occur very lightly, the disease occurs heavier, and only the fungicide can be used for seed dressing. It is not necessary to use pesticides; if the pests and diseases are mixed, it is necessary to mix with pesticides and mix with fungicides. If the underground pests are heavier, the seed dressing may not achieve the expected control effect, and the seed dressing and soil treatment methods should be adopted to prevent and control the wheat pests.
2. Accurately grasp the amount of pesticides. For the control of wheat underground pests, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be used to control diseases such as wheat black stalk, total eclipse, powdery mildew and sheath blight. It can be mixed with 15% powder rusting wet powder and 6% lycopene suspension agent. Wheat. Practice has proved that if the amount of wheat used in the dressing with powder rust and phoxim is too large, it will cause obvious phytotoxicity to wheat, which will delay the emergence of wheat and slow growth. In severe cases, there will be a shortage of seedlings and ridges. note.
3. Pay attention to the seed dressing method. When wheat is mixed with phoxim, the pesticide should be diluted with water, then mixed with wheat, and covered with scum. Wheat is mixed with pentachloronitrobenzene, triadimefon and lycoxil. The seeds should be sprayed with water to moisten, then the agent is evenly mixed on the seeds, and then immediately sown or dried in the summer. If you want to use seed dressing with pesticides and seed dressing with fungicides, you should first mix the insecticides, mix the fungicides after the piles, and then immediately sow.
4. With the mix and play, can not be placed for a long time. After the wheat is seeded with the insecticide, it is generally piled up for 2-3 hours, up to 5-6 hours, and the seed is immediately sown after being absorbed by the wheat seed. Generally, after the wheat is mixed with the fungicide , it should be sown immediately or immediately after being dried.
5. It is necessary to strictly follow the dressing operation rules to prevent poisoning of humans and animals. It is best to implement uniform seed dressing.
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