When applying inorganic fertilizers in greenhouse vegetables, the following misunderstandings often exist, which not only reduces the fertilizer efficiency, but also brings some negative effects, which deserves attention.
Ammonium and ammonium sulphate are applied in greenhouses in winter. After the application of ammonium bicarbonate, a large amount of ammonia gas will be volatilized, which is unfavorable for vegetable growth; ammonium sulfate is a physiological acid fertilizer, which increases the acidity of the soil after application. Ammonium bicarbonate is a quick-acting fertilizer for winter-warming greenhouse vegetable topdressing. Even at the soil temperature of 5 °C, it can be converted and decomposed and absorbed by crops. However, it should be paid attention to deep application when applied, generally 10-10 cm away from vegetable roots. The deep groove of centimeters is covered with soil after application, which can increase the utilization rate by 10%-30%.
More diammonium phosphate was applied in winter. Vegetables require large amounts of nitrogen and potassium and require less phosphorus. For example, eggplant requires a ratio of NPK to 3:1:4, cucumber to 3:1:10, and tomato to 6:1:12. Diammonium phosphate contains 18% nitrogen, 46% phosphorus, and does not contain potassium. Therefore, it is not suitable to use diammonium phosphate in greenhouses. In addition, it should be noted that diammonium phosphate should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash to avoid ammonia volatilization and ammonia damage.
Disperse application of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus is easily absorbed and solidified by the soil and loses its fertilizer effect. Therefore, the phosphate fertilizer is suitable for use as a base fertilizer or concentrated in the root-dense soil in the early stage of the vegetable. Generally, the transplanted plant is opened in an 8 cm deep ditch, and after being planted with phosphate fertilizer, the soil is covered by 4-5 cm, and then Transplanting vegetables in shallow trenches shortens the distance between phosphate fertilizer and crop roots to compensate for the weak point of phosphorus mobility.
Late application of potassium fertilizer. Vegetables generally require more potassium before and after flowering, and then gradually decrease. Later application of potassium fertilizer will cause a significant decrease in the utilization of potassium and waste of fertilizer.
Urea surface soil shallow application. The demand for fertilizer and water in the development stage of vegetable crops is relatively high. The early application of deep application is about 28% higher than that of shallow application. Open the 8-10 cm deep ditch when topdressing, and cover the soil tightly after application. The vegetables with large row spacing can be deep-opened, and watered according to the shed temperature for 5-7 days, so that there is sufficient time in the soil. To facilitate the absorption and utilization. During the growth of vegetables, the leaves can also be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution, once every 7 days, 75-100 kg of fertilizer solution per acre, even spray 2-3 times.
The iron-containing fertilizer is applied to the soil. Iron is easily converted into poorly soluble compounds by soil and cannot be absorbed by crops and loses fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is best to apply foliar spray on iron fertilizer in greenhouses. It can be evenly sprayed on the vegetable leaf surface with 0.1%-0.3% ferrous sulfate solution. In the same way, it is also a misunderstanding to apply rare earth micro-fertilizer directly into the soil in winter. The best application method is to spray 0.05-0.07% rare earth micro-fertilizer solution on the leaf surface, 50-75 spray fertilizer per acre. kg.
Fertilize under drought conditions. Greenhouse vegetables are hi-water crops. When the soil is dry, fertilization will not only give full play to the fertilizer effect, but also increase the concentration of the soil solution, which will easily cause the vegetables to burn. Therefore, fertilization in greenhouses should be combined with irrigation, and it is necessary to ditch and fertilize, and then fertilize the fertilizers, or combine them with water and small water.
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