The new materials industry covers almost the entire national economy. Among them, the carbon fiber composite materials and the rare earth functional materials, which are the key development targets, are obviously different. Some experts pointed out that the demand for carbon fiber composite materials in China is large, but the level of production and technology is relatively backward. In this regard, the Central Committee of the Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party submitted the "Proposal on Vigorously Developing Carbon New Materials Industry" at the "two sessions" to develop and expand the application of carbon materials in China. China's rare earth resources are very rich, but there are always problems such as over-exploitation and environmental pollution. In addition, there are many ills in the integration of the downstream industrial chain. In response to these problems, Zhou Zhongshu, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Minmetals Corporation, submitted Proposal on Integrating and Forming a Large Rare Earth Integrated Enterprise Group. In response to the above-mentioned topics, "Daily Economic News" (hereinafter referred to as NBD) interviewed Professor Tang Jianmao, Director of the Consultation Department of China Materials Research Society, and Dai Junyi, the author of the proposal of the Central Committee of the Agricultural and Democratic Party on "Developing the Development of Carbon New Materials Industry"; Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Zhou Zhongshu, president of Minmetals Corporation; Li Wei, deputy director of the Functional Materials Research Institute of China Iron and Steel Research Institute, and Dou Xuehong, director of the Information and Information Office of the Rare Earth Institute. The 21st century is the carbon material century NBD: The Agricultural and Workers Democratic Party submitted the "Proposal on the Development of Carbon New Materials Industry" in this "two sessions". As the author of this proposal, why do you mention the carbon new material industry? Such a height? Dai Junyi: The emergence of high-performance new materials has always been a milestone in technology and economic development. Since the beginning of the new century, carbon materials have become the preferred high-performance materials for large-scale development and application worldwide. Traditional carbon materials are synthetic diamond and high temperature graphite materials; the most striking new carbon materials in the new century are carbon fiber materials, carbon-carbon composite materials and graphene materials. Carbon fiber has many excellent properties such as high strength, high modulus, low specific gravity, high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance, light conductivity and easy processing. It is gradually replacing traditional materials, widely used in aerospace and military fields, and has begun to penetrate into the national economy and people's livelihood. Every aspect of it. One thing that deserves attention now is that because the people are not aware of the preciousness of graphite resources, these resources have been bought by some developed countries. The 21st century is a century of carbon materials. To replace the silicon materials of the 20th century, we must pay attention to the graphite resources as much as the rare earth. NBD: Which material is the most important among carbon materials? What is the current application situation? Tang Jianmao: The most important representative is carbon fiber composite material. If used in aircraft manufacturing, it will lose 20%~40% of weight compared with the current aluminum alloy, which will bring great benefits in energy saving. Boeing 787 currently uses 50% carbon fiber composite material, and 62% of Airbus's aircraft will be replaced by carbon fiber composite materials. Carbon fiber composites are a high-end application that represents a country's overall level of technology and industrialization. The most important thing is to use high-end fields such as aerospace, at least 20 to 30 years of development space. The key issue now is that China's carbon fiber composites still have a gap in production and quality from the world's advanced levels. In addition, cost constraints are urgently needed to be solved. Once the cost is effectively reduced, it will be widely used in high-speed rail and automobiles. NBD: In the application of carbon materials, which ones can produce immediate results once they are invested? How large can the scale production value reach? Dai Junxi: Now I am talking about energy saving, but I can't break it apart. The most direct example is the rapid development of China's auto industry. Therefore, we should consider new energy vehicles as new energy-saving cars. Our investment in new energy vehicles is very large. If some of the inputs are put into the development of carbon materials, the effect will be very obvious, and the linkage effect will be generated, which is faster than the return of a single energy vehicle. Some of BMW's models now use carbon composite parts made in China. Due to different local conditions, the scale of production across the country is still difficult to estimate. However, if Hunan Province, where I am located, can develop carbon materials smoothly, it can form a large industry with a scale of 100 billion yuan. The national number will definitely be much larger. NBD: What is China's current level on carbon fiber composites? What is the trend of private capital? Tang Jianmao: China's carbon fiber composites are now in high demand, with a figure of about 10,000 tons and a production capacity of only 4,000 to 5,000 tons. With the attention of the state, the production capacity is further increasing. The production capacity during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period can meet the development needs. There are more than ten manufacturers specializing in the production of carbon fiber in China, but the high-end application technology still needs to be broken. If it is not broken, the overall level will not go up. In the next 10 to 20 years, the most important in the carbon field is high-performance carbon fiber composites. It is precisely because carbon fiber has become a hot spot, private hot money has signs of inflow, and some private entrepreneurs with strong financial strength have expressed their ideas of entering the field, but my suggestion is to be cautious to enter, and relying on money may not solve technical problems. . The “valuation†of rare earth functional materials is too low. NBD: As one of China's strategic emerging industries, the new materials industry represented by rare earth functional materials has attracted much attention from the market. Then, in the upstream and downstream of the rare earth industry, what problems still exist are not conducive to the development and application of new materials? Zhou Zhongshu: If we look at the value chain of the rare earth industry, the output value will grow fissibly along the industrial chain. The profit will be mainly concentrated in the deep processing end of the industrial chain, and the rare earth functional materials are mainly concentrated in the downstream link. Although under the control of national policies, the scarcity of rare earth mineral resources has been continuously enhanced, and the profitability of resources has been improved, it is still difficult to "root" the long-term problems of scientific development of rare earth industries. Taking the medium and heavy rare earths in the south as an example, rare earth mining enterprises and smelting and processing are mainly single enterprises. The mining licenses issued by local governments are mainly concentrated in the hands of local mining enterprises, while smelting and processing have emerged as central enterprises, local state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and The situation in which foreign-funded enterprises are competing for development, this division of mining and smelting and processing further hinders the healthy development of the industry. Nowadays, one of the main problems faced by rare earth functional materials is that the mining process is seriously squandered due to high profits. The smelting and processing enterprises have only meager primary processing profits, and the cost of limited raw materials for deep processing enterprises is so high that it is more difficult to carry out technological innovation and Support enterprises to develop into deep processing. Li Wei: China's rare earth enterprises are distributed in more than ten provinces and autonomous regions in China, of which only 10 have annual processing capacity of 2,000 tons to 5,000 tons, and the annual processing capacity is less than 5,000 tons. The rest are mostly small and medium-sized private enterprises. The current prices of rare earths, rare earth oxides, rare earth alloys and even rare earth new materials are clearly low. We are now at the stage of guilt, in fact, the real pricing power is in our hands. I have to sell a dollar, you have to use it. I sell it for a hundred dollars. As a key element, its value is far from being reflected in the price. NBD: What is the progress of China and foreign countries in the research and development of rare earth functional materials? Dou Xuehong: In the world, rare earths are regarded as an important element to seize the commanding heights of science and technology, especially in the field of national defense. But now, the special optical electromagnetic function of rare earth is still far from being developed. The rare earth permanent magnet material is currently developing to the fourth generation. It is the best and not replaceable with other metal elements. The future development prospect of the rare earth industry is also very broad. . Li Wei: The R&D and application of rare earth functional materials is a global issue, and our country should pay more attention to it. Just as our country began to list rare earth functional materials as a vigorous revitalization industry, the United States, Japan and other countries are also intensifying discussion and application of this industry. At present, in Europe, where the world's rare earth users are used, chemical products made of rare earth materials have been successfully applied to electric bicycle battery production and automobile exhaust gas purification. More energy-saving rare earth materials lamps are also expected to replace traditional high-energy incandescent lamps. .
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