The pallet changer is an auxiliary part of the machining center when the machine bed machine is running, but in the overall functional analysis of the FMS, it completes or assists in the loading and unloading and exchange of materials (workpieces) and acts as a buffer. Therefore, starting from the system analysis And it can be classified as a logistics system. Usually the pallet changer, the tool magazine and the tool changer are controlled by the programmable controller of the numerical control system of the processing equipment. The drive source has hydraulic pressure, air pressure and electric energy. The exchange tray, tool selection and tool change should be allowed to be manually operated to accommodate maintenance and adjustment.
(2) Turning machining center.
The Turning Center, referred to as the Turning Center, is gradually developed on the basis of CNC lathes to expand its process range. There is no clear definition of the turning center at present, but it is generally believed that the turning center should have the characteristics of a tool magazine and an automatic tool changer with a power rotary tool, and the number of linkage axes is greater than 2. Thanks to these features, the turning center can perform turning, tapping, milling and other machining in addition to turning in one setup. The workpiece exchange device in the turning center mostly uses a robot or a walking robot. With the expansion of machine functions, multi-axis, multi-tool holders and turning centers with on-machine workpiece exchangers and automatic conveyors with bar stocks have developed rapidly in FMS. These turning centers are also known as turning FMMs. For example, the turning center of the opposite type double headstock box and double tool holder can automatically reverse the workpiece, and complete the whole processing of the rotary body workpiece under one clamping.
(3) CNC combined machine tool.
CNC combined machine tools are index control special machine tools, interchangeable spindle box CNC machine tools, modular multi-power CNC machine tools and other processing equipment. This type of machine is an intermediate model between the machining center and the combination machine. It combines the flexibility of the machining center with the high productivity of the combined machine tool. It is suitable for flexible production lines (FML or FTL) for medium and high volume manufacturing. This type of machine can automatically or manually replace the single-axis, multi-axis or multi-axis head mounted on the spindle drive unit according to the needs of the workpiece, or replace the spindle head itself with the drive unit.
3. Tools and fixtures in the machining system
To complete its machining tasks, FMS's machining system must be equipped with the appropriate tools, fixtures and aids.
(1) Tool system.
From the standpoint of CNC machining, the tool system is a subsystem under the tool system in CNC machining, including tool configuration, tool preparation and tool management in the machining program. The tool system is a hardware assembly related to cutting from the tool shank that is connected to the spindle hole of the machine tool to the cutting edge. Selecting the content of the tool system is to select the appropriate tool type according to the process requirements. According to the tool type and the specification and performance of the machine tool, the combination and configuration of the tool system are determined. According to the material of the material to be cut, the cutting conditions and the processing requirements, the appropriate blade is selected. unit.
The tools used in the FMS processing system, in addition to the general cutting principle, cutting performance, tool structure and other requirements, should also have good durability, reliable chip breaking and chip removal, versatility and interchangeability in FMS. Sexuality and management are good, and can be quickly replaced (such as changing blades, cutter heads, tools, etc.) and off-line pre-adjustment.
(2) Fixture system.
A machine tool holder is a device used on a machine tool to hold a workpiece. Its function is to have the workpiece in the correct position relative to the machine tool or knife and to maintain this position during machining. To do this, it needs to have positioning, guiding, clamping, connecting and other functions. Since the processing of the FMS is automatic, in addition to the conventional requirements for the fixture, its machining system requires a uniform reference for the clamp to automatically ensure the positional accuracy of the workpiece by means of machine accuracy and numerical control procedures, while also requiring the fixture to be "open". "Good" to process as many surfaces as possible in one installation. In the FMS processing system, general fixtures such as high-speed power chucks are generally available for fixtures of uncomplicated rotary workpieces. For prismatic workpieces, in principle, when the bottom surface of the workpiece can be positioned, it can be directly mounted on the pallet by pressing plates, screws, etc.; when there are many kinds of workpieces, the shape changes greatly, or when multiple workpieces are to be installed on one pallet at the same time A combination fixture can be selected; when the shape of the workpiece is complicated, it is difficult to install, and the batch size is large, a special fixture can be considered.
(3) Tray.
The pallet is an important accessory in the FMS processing system. For prismatic workpieces, the workpiece is usually mounted on a pallet in a FMS for storage, handling, processing, cleaning, and inspection. Therefore, during the flow of the material (workpiece), the tray is not only a carrier but also an interface between the units. For the machining system, the workpiece is clamped on the pallet, sent to the machine by the pallet exchanger and automatically positioned and clamped on the machine support. The pallet is equivalent to a movable workbench. Also, as the workpiece moves in the processing system, the tray and its clamps also move together, so the tray together with the fixture mounted on the tray is referred to as a pallet. The requirements of the processing system for pallets are as follows:
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