First, what is the ground source heat pump Ground source heat pump is a use of underground shallow geothermal resources (also known as energy, including groundwater, soil or surface water, etc.) can be both heating and cooling energy efficient air conditioning system. Ground source heat pump by entering a small amount of high-grade energy (such as electricity), to achieve low-temperature heat transfer to high temperature. In winter, respectively, as a heat pump heat source and the summer air-conditioning cold source, that is, in winter, the heat to "take out" to increase the temperature, the supply of indoor heating; Summer, the indoor heat removed, release To the ground can go. The energy flow of the heat pump unit uses the energy (such as electric energy) consumed by the heat pump unit to discharge all the heat absorbed (ie, electric energy + absorbed heat energy) to the high-temperature heat source. The role of its energy consumption is to make the refrigerant Freon compressed to high temperature and pressure conditions, so as to achieve the absorption of heat energy in low-temperature heat source role. See the energy flow diagram. Usually source heat pump consumes 1kW of energy, users can get more than 5kW heat or 4kW above the cold, so we call it energy-saving air-conditioning system. Compared with the boiler (electricity, fuel) heating system, the boiler heating only 90% of the energy or 70 ~ 90% of the fuel can be heat for the user, so the ground source heat pump than the electric boiler heating save More than two-thirds of the electricity, than the fuel boiler to save more than one-half of the energy; due to ground source heat pump heat source temperature is relatively stable throughout the year, usually 10 ~ 25 ℃, the cooling, heating coefficient up to 3.5 ~ 4.4 , Compared with the traditional air source heat pump, to about 40% higher, the operating costs for the ordinary central air-conditioning 50 to 60%. Therefore, in the past decade or so, especially in the past five years, ground-source heat pump air-conditioning systems have achieved rapid development in North America such as the United States, Canada, France, Switzerland, Sweden and other countries. The ground-source heat pump market in China is also becoming increasingly active. The technology is expected to be the most effective heating and cooling air-conditioning technology in the 21st century. Second, the development of ground-source heat pump at home and abroad recent history of ground-source heat pump can be traced back to a patent in Switzerland in 1912, the first European heat pump unit was manufactured in 1938. It is low-temperature heat source of water to the city hall heating, the output of hot water temperature up to 60oC. In the winter heat pump used for heating needs, can also be used in the summer cooling. The energy crisis in 1973 to promote the development of heat pump formed a climax. At present, Europe has highly developed heat pump theory and technology, this "double benefit" and environmentally friendly equipment in France, Germany, Japan, the United States and other developed countries have been widely used. For example, in the United States, there were 14,000 ground-source heat pumps in the country as of 1985, up from 45,000 in 1997 and 400,000 already so far, with steady growth of 10% annually. Ground-source heat pump systems in commercial buildings in the United States accounted for 19% of the total air-conditioning capacity in 1998, of which 30% were new buildings. The United States ground-source heat pump industry has set up by the United States Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, Edison Institute of Power and many ground-source heat pump manufacturers, the United States ground source heat pump Association, the Association in recent years will invest 100 million US dollars in development, research And promotion work. The United States plans to achieve the goal of installing 400,000 ground-source heat pumps per year by 2001, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 1 million tons, which is equivalent to reducing pollutant emissions by 500,000 vehicles or planting 1 million acres of trees to save energy costs Reaching 420 million U.S. dollars. Since then, the annual cost of energy conservation has been increased by 170 million U.S. dollars. In contrast with the development of ground source heat pumps in the United States, Central and Northern Europe, such as Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and Germany, mainly make use of shallow geothermal resources and buried underground soil coils (the ground-source heat pump project in China has begun to take shape in recent years Start, but also the momentum of development optimistic Tianjin University, Tsinghua University, respectively, with the relevant enterprises to form a joint industry-university research and development of China's brand of ground source heat pump system has been completed several demonstration projects, more and more Chinese users are familiar with the source Heat pump, and its application has generated a strong interest in China's ground-source heat pump market can be expected to have a bright future.The reason why China's ground-source heat pump market is optimistic about the prospects for the development, on the one hand is to save conventional energy and make full use of renewable On the other hand, our country has a good foundation for heat pump research and application. As early as the 1950s, Professor Lucan Ren of the Thermal Energy Research Institute of Tianjin University launched the earliest study of heat pump in China. In 1965, A water-cooled heat pump air conditioner. Chongqing Construction University, Tianjin Business School and other units on the buried coil coil Source heat pump has also been studied for many years in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy and other units also held several national seminars on the development and application of heat pump technology seminars. Third, the characteristics of ground source heat pump 1. Is a renewable energy technology Ground source heat pump is the use of the Earth's surface shallow geothermal resources (usually less than 400 meters deep) as a cold and heat source for energy conversion heating and air conditioning systems. Surface shallow geothermal resources can be called Earth (Earth Energy) Surface soil, groundwater or river, lake absorbs solar energy, geothermal energy and low temperature latent heat.Floor surface is a huge solar collector, collecting 47% of the solar energy, human use of energy than 500 times a year also It is truly vast, ubiquitous, unlimited in area, resources, etc. The near-infinite renewable energy stored in the shallow surface of the Earth makes it also a form of clean, renewable energy. 2 is a cost-effective energy-saving technology to geothermal or surface water resources, the temperature is relatively stable all year round, winter than the ambient air temperature, summer The temperature is lower than the ambient air temperature and is a good heat pump heat source and air conditioner cold source. This temperature characteristic makes the ground source heat pump 40% more efficient than the traditional air-conditioning system, thus saving energy and saving about 40% The constant temperature characteristics make the heat pump operation more stable, and also ensure the system's efficiency and economy.According to the EPA of the United States EPA, designing and installing a good ground source heat pump, on average, can save users 30 ~ 40% of the heating and cooling air conditioning operating costs .3 significant environmental benefits Source heat pump pollutant emissions, compared with air-source heat pump, equivalent to more than 40% reduction, compared with electric heating, equivalent to a decrease of 70% In the above, energy saving and emission reduction will be more obvious if combined with other energy-saving measures.Although the refrigerant is also used, it is 25% less than that of conventional air conditioners. It is a self-contained system that can be pre-installed in the factory floor Sealed, therefore, refrigerant leakage rate greatly reduced. The unit operates without any pollution and can be built in residential areas. There is no burning, no fumes and no waste. There is no need to store fuel waste and do not need to transport heat over long distances. 4. A multi-purpose machine, a wide range of applications Source heat pump system can be heating, air conditioning, but also for domestic hot water, a multi-purpose machine, a system can replace the original boiler plus air conditioning two sets of devices or systems; can be applied to hotels , Shopping malls, office buildings, schools and other buildings, more suitable for residential heating, air conditioning. In addition, the long life of the unit, are more than 15 years; unit compact, space-saving; low maintenance costs; a high degree of automatic control, unattended. Of course, as with anything, ground-source heat pumps are not perfect. For example, their application will be affected by energy policies and fuel prices in different regions, different users and countries. The one-time investment and operating costs will vary from user to user The use of groundwater will be constrained by the local groundwater resources. In fact, the ground-source heat pump does not need to exploit groundwater, and all the groundwater used can be recharged without any pollution to the water quality. Fourth, the working principle and classification Heat pump working principle as a natural phenomenon, just as water flows from the lower to the lower, as the heat is always from high temperature to low temperature. But people can create machines that use water pumps to pump heat from low to high temperatures, just as water is raised from low to high. Therefore, the heat pump is essentially a heat lifting device, which itself consumes a part of the energy, excavates the stored energy in the environmental medium and increases the use of the temperature. The heat pump consumes only a third of the heat One or lower, which is also the energy-saving features of the heat pump. The principle of heat pump and refrigeration is the same as that of system equipment. The system of vapor compression heat pump (refrigeration) mainly consists of compressor, evaporator, condenser and throttle valve. The compressor plays a role of compressing and conveying circulating working fluid The role of the heat pump (cooling) system from the low temperature and low pressure to the high temperature and pressure Department; evaporator is the output of cold equipment, its role is to make the refrigerant flowing through the throttle valve liquid evaporation to absorb the object being cooled Of the heat, to achieve the purpose of refrigeration; condenser is the output of heat equipment, heat absorbed from the evaporator along with the compressor power of work by the heat transferred in the condenser cooling medium away, to achieve the purpose of heating; expansion valve Or throttle on the working fluid play a role in throttling and depressurization, and regulate the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator cycle. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the power consumed by the compressor (electric energy) plays a compensating role, so that the circulating working fluid continuously absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment and radiates heat to the high-temperature environment and cycles cyclically.
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