Third, granite <br> <br> granite, the weight ratio of aluminum lighter than steel, is a more general material. The main advantages of granite are small deformation, good stability, no rust, easy surface processing, easy to achieve higher flatness than cast iron, suitable for making high-precision platforms and guide rails. Many CMMs currently use this material. For example, the Leitz and Zeiss coordinate measuring machines use mostly granite materials. The representative of the domestic ZC series full granite fixed bridge high-precision coordinate measuring machine. Its base, workbench, bridge frame, guide rails, Z-axis and other all-purpose granite. Granite can be used as a workbench, a square, a column, a beam, a rail, a bracket, a casing, and the like. Due to the small thermal expansion coefficient of granite, it is suitable for cooperation with air-floating guides.
Granite also has many shortcomings, mainly: although it can be made into a hollow structure by sticking, it is more troublesome; the solid structure is large in quality and difficult to process, especially the screw holes and light holes are difficult to process, and the magnetic watch frame cannot be adsorbed. To this, the cost is higher than that of cast iron; the granite material is brittle, and it is easy to collapse when roughing; it will produce slight deformation when exposed to water. It should be waterproof and moisture-proof during use. It is forbidden to wipe the surface of granite with a cleaning agent for mixing water. It should also prevent the influence of moisture in static pressure gas on the guide rail.
The granite modulus of some places (such as Taishanqing) is similar to that of cast iron, as follows:
General gray cast iron: (1.15 ~ 1.60) × 105? Mpa
Taishan Blue Granite: 1.28×105?Mpa
Granite varies greatly from place to place, and the general granite modulus is (0.5-0.6)×105?Mpa.
Fourth, ceramics <br> <br> developed rapidly in recent years, ceramic materials. It is obtained by pressing and forming a ceramic material, and then grinding it. It is characterized by its porosity, light weight (density of about 3g/cm3), high strength, easy processing, good wear resistance and no rust. It is suitable for Y-axis and Z-axis guide rails. The disadvantage of ceramics is that the manufacturing equipment is expensive, the process requirements are high, and the blanks are complicated to manufacture, so there are not many measuring machines using this material. At present, some coordinate measuring machines of Zeiss, Germany, LK, and Tokyo Precision of Japan use ceramic materials.
Five aluminum <br> <br> CMM primarily using high strength aluminum alloy. This is the fastest growing new material in recent years. The advantages of aluminum materials are light weight, high strength, low deformation, good thermal conductivity, and the ability to weld, making them suitable for many components on measuring machines. The application of high strength aluminum alloys is currently the main trend.
In recent years, countries have continuously introduced new materials for use in coordinate measuring machines. The 6000 aluminum alloy introduced by the United States has good performance. The biggest feature of this material is that it is not easily deformed and is an ideal guide material. At present, Brown&Sharp in the United States and Zeiss in Germany use this material, so the quality of the bridge frame is reduced and the deformation is reduced, which is suitable for rapid measurement. In the UMC850 product of Zeiss, Germany, the shaft and shaft guide rail adopts the newly developed alloy material CARAT (anti-aging aluminum alloy with ceramic coating). Due to its large thermal conductivity and small temperature gradient, it is not easy to generate complex thermal deformation. In order to reduce the telescopic deformation, a temperature isolator is added outside the measuring machine, and a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the right flat plate of the guide rail, and the thermal deformation caused by the linear expansion is performed by the computer after detecting the temperature change. make up.
In short, the development of structural materials for CMMs has gone from metal to ceramic, granite, and the development of these natural materials to aluminum alloys. Nowadays, research on various synthetic materials is also in progress. Zeiss, Germany, LK and Tarus have started to use carbon fiber as structural members. As the accuracy requirements continue to increase, the material performance requirements are also increasing. It can be seen that the material of the coordinate measuring machine develops in the direction of light weight, small deformation and easy processing.
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