Citrus is a common fruit that is popular because it is sweet and delicious and rich in vitamins. Citrus is a perennial evergreen fruit tree. It sprouts many times a year, has many branches and branches, and has dense branches at the periphery. The crown is shaded. The plastic trimming is an important technique for citrus cultivation, which can make the light in the canopy smooth. Improve fruit coloration and sugar content, maintain tree potential and prolong life
1. The role of citrus plastic trimming
1.1 Can make the canopy ventilate and transmit light, enhance the assimilation function of the leaf. Correct pruning can adjust the leaf area, make the crown structure reasonable, clear layer, ventilate and light, enhance photosynthesis, and also control the growth of invalid branches and leaves and adjust flowers and fruits. Quantity, reducing the inefficient consumption of nutrients.
1.2 Control the canopy to form a three-dimensional result Through the plastic trimming, the canopy skeleton can be compact, firm, and able to withstand the high-yield pressure, and can strengthen the result of the inside of the branch group, the canopy inside the canopy and the drape, and form a stereoscopic result.
1.3 The contradiction between regulating vegetative growth and reproductive growth In order to achieve stable yield and high yield, citrus trees must have a relative balance between growth and results. Therefore, the ratio of the vegetative shoots to the squid can be balanced during the pruning, so that the nutrient distribution is reasonable.
1.4 Rejuvenation and rejuvenation, high-yield and long-lived pruning can shorten the declining branches in time, so that the results tree will be updated every part of the branches and branches every year, and the preparation branches will be prepared to prepare for the future results to ensure the continuity of high yield.
1.5 Reduce the pests and diseases, reduce the cost of appropriate plastic trimming, the tree is robust, the branches are full, and the resistance is enhanced, so that the pests are not parasitized and spread, thereby reducing the number of spraying, reducing production costs, reducing costs, and increasing income.
2, the principle of citrus plastic trimming
2.1 Due to tree pruning, the shape of the branches should be shaped and trimmed according to the citrus variety, biological characteristics, tree age, management conditions, and tree development. Due to the different varieties and ages, the growth habits are different, the tree shape is different, the mother branches are different in strength, and the pruning methods are different.
2.2 Discerning affiliation, the master and the slave distinguish the various branches from each other and influence each other. The entire canopy is a whole and must be maintained by reasonable pruning. It is required that the upper, lower, left and right levels are distinct, the strength and weakness are consistent, and the growth is balanced, so that the branches of each level can be freely and evenly extended.
2.3 Light-based, light and heavy combined with citrus pruning in the degree of pruning, the general requirement is light shear. The young orange trees grow vigorously, and the strong shears will cause the branches to grow, resulting in a decrease in yield. The appropriate light shears can leave more leaves. In the fruiting period, the leaves are removed, the short branches are cut, and the weak branches are updated in time. .
2.4 ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional effect trimming must be ventilated and light-transmitting, to achieve the principle of three-dimensional effect, for a tree should be achieved: the skeleton should be strong, the main branch retains 3-5, the main branch between the spacing, the number of branches, On the large branches with open layers and good opening angles, a large number of result branches are cultured and arranged, so that the entire canopy can receive appropriate illumination and flowering results from top to bottom and from inside to outside.
3, the basic method of pruning
3.1 Short cut and retraction Cut one part of the annual branch, keep the part of the original branch trimming method or keep a section from the branch to cut the perennial branch called short cut, and the spring, summer and autumn shoots are also short-cut, from There are branches to cut off the perennial branches called retraction. Short cut and retraction can ensure the nutrient and water supply to the remaining part, have a local stimulating effect on the growth of the branches, promote the germination, branching and renewal of the lateral buds below the cut, strengthen the vegetative growth, ensure the branch group is strong and reduce The result area.
Its specific application is as follows: (1) weaken the top advantage, short cut and retraction is one of the effective measures to weaken the top advantage; (2) promote the occurrence of new shoots; (3) change the shoot angle and growth direction, through the short cut Or retracting the cut buds and extension branches in different directions to achieve the purpose; (4) weakening the growth of the local branches, in order to control some branches without increasing their growth, can be weakened by short cut or retraction The growth potential of the branch reduces the growth of shoots; (5) the results are good, the tree potential is weak, mainly short-cut, weak tree, and multiple nitrogen fertilizer combined with short cut.
3.2 Spalling refers to the removal of branches from the base, including the growth of the shoots, and the removal of annual shoots or perennial shoots from the base. Spalling mainly promotes local branching.
Its specific application is as follows: (1) to promote the growth of branches above the annual annual; (2) to weaken the growth of local branches to remove one or several branches in the lower part of the branch; (3) to promote flower bud differentiation; (4) the tree is strong Trees that tend to grow in vegetative growth to reproductive growth are available for sparse. The tree should be dominated by sparseness.
3.3 Auxiliary Trimming Measures When pruning can not be used for trimming, auxiliary measures such as topping and cutting, root cutting, ring cutting, binding, and twisting can be used, and the effect is better.
4, citrus shaping method
From the beginning of nursery, there must be planned plastic surgery, which can make the main branch distributed reasonably, the green leaf layer is thick, the light energy can be reasonably utilized, the stereoscopic result, and the early yield and high yield. The commonly used tree shape has a natural round shape and a natural happy shape.
4.1 The tree shape is commonly used in the production of natural round heads. After planting the seedlings, a number of strong branches of the same size are born from the base, and then the branches are divided into medium-sized branches, and then many cluster-like branches are separated from the branches to form a natural round head shape.
4.1.1 In the first year of plastic surgery, a number of new shoots were born in the base of the trunk. Two new shoots with different directions were selected as the large shoots, and the spacing was 10-15 cm.
4.1.2 In the second year of plastic surgery, as a large branch, leave a short section of about 50cm, arrange the small and medium-sized first-level branch group, and then select the 2-3 branches of the summer shoot that are left in the original direction and the short branch, and grow into a large branch. Remove unwanted shoots from the trunk.
4.1.3 In the third year of plastic surgery, the big branch stays about 50cm short, and the length is shorter than the full bud. Continue to train the first level branch group, arrange the second level branch group, and remove the dense or thin branches on the trunk branch to make the crown expand. Generally this tree can be successful in 7-8 days.
4.2 Naturally happy shape This tree shape is currently the most excellent tree shape in citrus production. Remove the upper main branch of the natural round head crown, and keep the lower three main branches, so that the crown is happy, that is, it becomes a natural happy shape.
4.2.1 When the first year of plasticization is planted, the height of the seedlings is 70-80cm, and the main trunk is 40-50cm. On the trunk, 3-4 new shoots are selected from the ground more than 20cm, and the new shoots are born on the trunk, leaving another A small number of shoots are used as auxiliary branches, and the other new shoots are wiped off. The angle of the main branches is between 30° and 40°.
4.2.2 In the second year of plastic surgery, the main branch is selected, and the main branch is extended shortly, and the first main branch is selected 40 cm away from the main branch. The angle requirement is 60°-70° with the trunk, and timely The side branches are topped with buds.
4.2.3 In the third year of plastic surgery, the appropriate short-cut main branch and the auxiliary main branch are extended. The second main branch is selected from the first branch of the main branch 30-40 cm, and the third main branch is configured in the same way. The main deputy starts from the base and inserts the side branches. The side branches should also be short-cut and promote new shoots. During the growing season, the heart is picked and the buds are smeared.
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