Smoke, what do you think of firefighters?

Exhaust smoke from fire sites is used by fire fighters to increase the visibility of the fire field, reduce the harm of high-temperature gas, effectively control the spread of fire, improve the efficiency of saving people and extinguishing fires, and perform the task of eliminating high-temperature smoke. To lay the foundation for the research on the techniques and tactics of supplying smoke and smoke to the fire field, a questionnaire survey was conducted to conduct detailed investigations on the grassroots troops and analyze the existing problems.

Research results and analysis

Smoke exhaust equipment

Investigation on equipment of smoke contains four questions, each survey the situation with smoke squadron of fire engines, four aspects with smoke machines, with the situation assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of the equipment and the equipment were asked the question, From the statistical results, the total number of smoke extraction equipment is insufficient and the distribution is uneven.

1 Squadron equipped with smoke fire trucks

In the survey, 89.9% of the interviewed squadrons did not have smoke evacuation vehicles, 8.7% of the interviewed squadrons had one smoke evacuation vehicle, 0.69% of the interviewed squadrons had 2 vehicles, and 0.69% of the interviewed squadrons had more than 2 vehicles. It is understood that the general fire squadron equipped with smoke evacuation vehicles is part of the squadron for underground fire fighting, such as the Tianjin Special Forces Special Service Fourth Squadron.

2 exhaust fan with the situation

Figure 3.12 shows the type and quantity of smoke exhausters in the interviewed squadrons. 12.0% of the squadrons did not have any form of smoke exhauster. 89.2% of the squadrons were equipped with water-driven exhaust fans, and 36.3% of the squadrons were equipped with gasoline engines. In the smoke evacuator, 10.1% of the squadrons were equipped with electric-driven smoke evacuators, and the data showed that the hydraulically-driven smoke evacuator was the main type of basic unit.

Hydraulically driven fans are mainly 2000 to 3000m3/h ;

Gasoline engine fan is mainly 8000 ~ 9000m3/h ;

Electric driven fans are mainly from 1000 to 2000m3/h ;

In the course of the questionnaire survey, 42% of the squadron cadres could not accurately describe the air volume parameters of the wind turbine.

3 Effectiveness analysis of smoke extraction equipment

Data: In a comparative survey on the effectiveness of mobile smoke extraction equipment, 33.7% of respondents chose water-driven smoke exhauster, 48.3% of respondents chose gasoline engine smoke exhauster, and 7% of respondents chose to drive electricity. Smoke exhausters, 11.1% of the respondents chose smoke vehicles.

Conclusion: Most officers and men subjectively choose their own equipment.

4 Assessment of squadron exhaust equipment

Data: 14.1% of the respondents believe that the equipment is seriously insufficient, 53% of the respondents think that it is insufficient, 23.4% of the respondents think that they are basically satisfied, and 4.3% of the respondents believe that they are satisfied.

Conclusion: Respondents believe that 67.1% of equipment can't meet real-time demand , and only 4.3% of respondents believe that equipment meets demand.

Investigation of smoke exhaust training in fire areas

1 The development of smoke training in the squadron fire site

Data: 37.2% of the respondents responded that the squadron's daily training did not involve fire smoke exhaust training. 49.8% of the respondents thought that it was rarely involved, and 13.4% of the respondents chose to conduct training regularly.

Conclusion: The degree of training is not enough.

2 training effect evaluation

Data: In the evaluation survey conducted on the training effect of the interviewees who had undergone training (choose the interviewees who rarely and regularly train), 84% of the respondents chose to have an average or bad result, and 16% of the respondents Object selection is better.

Conclusion: When analyzing the causes of unsatisfactory results, respondents responded more concentrating on the lack of effective training methods and how to use them in actual combat.

3 training method selection

Data: In the survey of training methods, 55.7% of the respondents chose to mainly conduct the operation training of smoke extraction equipment, 11.3% of the respondents chose to conduct exhaust smoke combination training, 17.9% of the respondents chose to target specific The venue conducts application training, and 15.1% of respondents chose other methods.

Conclusion: At present, the basic means for smoke control training for grassroots units is the operation of smoke extraction equipment, and the actual effectiveness is poor. Individual underground construction teams can carry out targeted drills and drills in conjunction with drills conducted by key units and receive better results. effect.

4 Application of smoke exhausting techniques and tactics in fire prevention plan

From the data point of view, there are fewer examples of smoke emission techniques and tactics in the plan. From the fact that we understand the plan of some units in the field, we only see how the smoke is reflected in the task. However, the organization, division of labor, and equipment are not involved. It has practical significance.

Investigation of Commander's Smoke Awareness in Fire Field

In general, most of the commanders are also aware of the importance of smoke emission from the fire field. However, due to lack of in-depth understanding of the methods and means of smoke exhaust, the implementation of decision-making on the implementation of smoke emission from fire sites is affected.

1 The role of smoke in fire fighting in fighting fire

Data: 66.8% of the respondents believe that the smoke from the fire field plays a significant role in fighting the fire. 21.7% of the respondents think that the role is average and 11.3% of the respondents think that the effect is very small.

Conclusion: The role of the commander in exhausting smoke from fires is relatively unanimous. Some interviewees with general choices and responses have reflected in our in-depth understanding that their choice is generally due to the fact that existing smoke extraction methods and methods have a general effect on smoke exhaust from fire sites.

2Immediately affecting the commander's implementation of the smoke emission factors on the fire site

Data: 24.3% of the interviewees chose inadequate guidance on the theory of smoke exhaust from the fire. 27.6% of the interviewees chose the smoke from the fire to increase the fire. 29.7% of the respondents chose the smoke from the fire site with little effect. 31% of the respondents Those who think that fire smoke exhaust technology training is not enough, 2.8% of respondents choose other.

Conclusion: The factors involved in the first four options are the main factors that currently affect the commander to implement the smoke emission from the fire field. The selection ratio is basically the same.

3 Main difficulties in smoke exit from fire sites

33.3% of the respondents chose insufficient equipment and equipment, 40.1% of respondents chose to carry out targeted training is not enough, 27.9% of respondents chose to lack effective technical means, 25.3% of respondents chose Lack of first-time tactical awareness of exhaust emissions, 1% of respondents chose the other.

Practical application

1 Where the squadron fires at the fire site

Data: 43.6% of respondents chose underground buildings, 18.1% of respondents chose high-rise buildings, 32.3% of respondents chose factory buildings, and 23.9% of respondents chose residential buildings.

Conclusion: This result reflects that many commanders think that the flow of smoke in underground buildings is not smooth, and it is easy to create obstacles to combat operations. It takes the first time to start exhausting smoke. In other places, this awareness is much lighter.

2 When the squadron is fighting a building fire, the application of the building's fixed smoke exhaust system

Data: 50.2% of the respondents chose not to use, 38.9% of respondents chose to occasionally open the building's smoke prevention system, but the effect was not good. 10.9% of respondents chose to frequently open the building's smoke control system and smoke emission effect. it is good.

Conclusion: Generally speaking, the effect of fixed smoke exhaust system is not enough.

3 How to Exhaust Smoke in High-rise Building Fires

Data: 14.4% of the respondents chose to use smoke evacuation vehicles or exhaust fans for negative pressure ventilation. 27.8% of respondents chose to use smoke evacuation vehicles or exhaust fans for positive pressure evacuation . 67.2% of respondents Natural open smoke was chosen to open the building's doors or windows. 25% of the respondents chose to demolish the buildings and build smoke, and 12.7% of the respondents chose other methods.

Conclusion: The building fire commander tends to smoke naturally. During the conversation with the commander, the commander reported that even natural exhaust smoke is a switch window or door that the combatant carried out during the fire investigation and the fire fighting. In the deployment of active smoke extraction, it is rare to see how smoke can be discharged by opening a smoke outlet above a building.

4 large space building fire how to smoke?

Data: 17.7% of the respondents chose to use smoke evacuation vehicles or exhaust fans for negative pressure ventilation. 28% of respondents chose to use a smoke evacuation vehicle or exhaust fan to conduct positive pressure ventilation, 50.3% of the respondents The interviewer chose to open the building's door or window for natural smoke exhaustion. 34.7% of the respondents chose to demolish the building for smoke exhaustion, and 1.4% of respondents chose other methods.

Conclusion: Natural smoke extraction still ranks first, but the percentage of demolition is significantly increased, but the commander also responds to the selection method of the demolition port, and the determination of the size of the demolition mouth is a puzzle for the commander to implement the demolition work.

5 How to smoke from underground building fires?

Data: 39.8% of the respondents chose to use smoke exhauster or exhaust fan for negative pressure exhaust. 37.2% of respondents chose to use smoke exhauster or exhaust fan for positive pressure ventilation, 32% of the The interviewer chose to open the building's door or window for natural smoke exhaustion. 38% of the respondents chose to demolish the building for smoke extraction , and 2.8% of respondents chose other methods.

Conclusion: Selecting the use of smoke evacuation vehicles or exhaust fans for negative pressure evacuation ranks first, but after in-depth understanding, this is only a method chosen by the commander according to the characteristics of the fire, and it is rarely implemented at the fire scene.

Suggestions and opinions based on the results of the survey

1. The application level is low at the fire scene.

The exhaust fumes were not applied to the fire as a mandatory tactic.

2. Most officers and soldiers do not know how to effectively use smoke from the fire.

Exhaust smoke stays in theory, practice is small, teaching materials are shallow, officers and soldiers do not understand that they will not actually smoke.

3. Some grassroots commanders do not pay enough attention to smoke from the fire.

Exhaust smoke is a technical activity. In most grassroots officers and soldiers, it is dispensable!

This article is reproduced from WeChat public number: Orange Rescue.