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Recently, Tao Zhang's research team at the Institute of Aerospace Catalysis and New Materials of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has made new advances in monoatomic catalysis. It has been demonstrated for the first time that monoatomic catalysts can have catalytic activity comparable to that of homogeneous catalysts. The study was highly praised by reviewers and published in the form of Hot Paper (TOP 10%) on Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. and was recommended as a back cover article (DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607885).
In 2011, the team of Zhang Tao reported the preparation and performance of monoatomic catalysts for the first time in the world. Based on this, he proposed the concept of “single atom catalysis†and has become one of the new frontiers and hot spots in the field of catalysis. American Chemical Society C&EN 2016 Top Ten Scientific Research Achievements. Because monoatomic catalysts have the characteristics of the "independent active sites" of homogeneous catalysts and the stability and ease of separation of heterogeneous catalysts, they are considered to be promising "bridges" for the connection of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, but they have not been confirmed by experiments.
The use of hydroformylation to produce aldehyde fine chemicals from olefins and syngas is the most important class of homogeneous catalytic reactions in chemical production. This type of fine chemicals has an annual production of 10 million tons and has important application prospects. Dr. Lang Rui of Dalian Institute of Chemistry, under the guidance of associate researcher Qiao Botao and Academician Zhang Tao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, synthesized a zinc oxide nanowire supported ruthenium monoatomic catalyst (Rh1/ZnOnw) to convert styrene to phenylpropanal under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic efficiency is comparable to that of a classical homogeneous catalyst (Wilkinson's catalyst, Rh(PPh3)3Cl). No side reaction of olefin C=C double bond hydrogenation occurred in this process, and the chemical selectivity was as high as 99%. In addition, the system also had better substrate applicability and stability. The characterization by means of transmission electron microscopy, in situ infrared, etc., proves that Rh is monodispersed on the support. In the conventional monoatomic catalyst systems, the metal atoms are mostly in the positive valence state. The in-situ XPS, in-situ XANES, and other characterizations indicate that the mono-atom Rh is present in the metallic state on the Rh1/ZnOnw catalyst. The study provides new ideas for the application of monoatomic catalysts and provides a new approach for the heterogeneous phase of homogeneous catalysts.
The above research work was supported by projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China National Academy of Sciences’ strategic pilot technology project, and the national key research and development program “Nanotechnologyâ€.
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