The grapes are cultivated in greenhouses during the ripening period of the local fruit. It can be about 20-25 days earlier, the early maturing varieties mature in early June, and the mid-maturing varieties mature at the end of June to early July, and the economic benefits can be doubled. Winter management of greenhouse grapes is an important basis for harvesting the grape harvest in the coming year. In the winter management technology, the following key measures must be taken.
First, pruning
Winter pruning of grapes is a complex and critical technology. The quality of the pruning in the current year can affect the growth and development of the grapes in the next year or even 2-3 years later. Properly mastering the trimming technique is essential.
1. Trim period
The winter shearing period of the grapes cultivated in the greenhouse should be carried out after the grape plants have completely entered deep dormancy after defoliation. The locals will be completed from mid-December to the end of December, which will affect their subsequent management work too late.
2, pruning method
According to the different types of cultivation, the characteristics of the variety and the strength of the tree are determined. The specific method of cutting. First cut off the pests and diseases, too thick and thin branches.
1 Different types of trimming: Local greenhouse viticulture racks generally use fences, V-frames and small scaffolding. The fence was used two years before the fruit was hung, and the V-shaped frame was mainly used after the fruit was hung. When the hedge trimming is trimmed, the orientation of the mother branch vines is left to keep the branches of the grape vines upward; the V-frame results that the selection of the mother vines should be biased to the sides; if the small scaffolding is relatively dense due to the fixed plant spacing, the dragon should be adopted. The shaping method of the rod directly selects the mother branch on the main vine.
2 Pruning according to the characteristics of varieties: Most Eurasian species have the disadvantages of strong growth and flowering difficulties in local cultivation. The fruit quality of greenhouse cultivation is better than that of European and American hybrids. Such as purple crisp, early red, summer to red, etc., the pruning of such varieties should use medium and long cuts, the result of the mediocre mother branch 4-6 buds short. The result of the strong mother leaves 6-8 buds. The amount of buds per mu is 7000-8000, which is adjusted when the flowering ear can be identified later. The moderate growth varieties of Yichenghua, such as Ziyu, Venus, Nucleus, and Rattan, carry out 2-3 bud short-cut re-cuts on the resulting female branches, and the amount of buds per mu is about 5,000.
Second, Qingyuan disinfection
1. Qingyuan: After the pruning of the grapes, all the litter in the garden and the old skin on the main vine and the main vine are removed and burned and buried deeply to reduce the source of the disease.
2. Disinfection: Spray disinfection of the ground, scaffold and plants in the park with a 2-3 degree stone sulphur mixture and 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenol. In the first half of February, when the plant is in the bud stage, the spray is repeated with 0.5-1 degree stone sulfur mixture plus 0.2% sodium pentachlorophenol to eliminate the source.
Third, lime nitrogen treatment
Treatment of grape buds with 15-20% lime nitrogen solution after greenhouse pruning in winter can promote early germination of grapes for 3-5 days and increase germination rate by about 30%. Processing time: from the end of December to the first half of the next year. It is best to choose sunny noon.
Fourth, cover the shed time
The greenhouse promotes cultivation, and the time of filming is sooner or later, which is directly related to the ripening of the grape fruit sooner or later. According to the local climate characteristics, it can't be too early or too late. If the natural dormancy time of the shed grape is too late, the lack of cold will cause the germination rate to decrease, and the premature germination will be cold in the early spring. The threat caused damage to the branches. However, the cover shed too late to show the effect of early cultivation. The period of local sheds is appropriately carried out according to the characteristics of different cultivars. The varieties with short cooling capacity, such as Venus Seedless, Early Jade, and Purple Jade, can be covered in the first month of January, and the varieties with long cold demand such as Fujisawa, Xiahe, Jingya can be covered in the middle and late January, and it will be completed by the end of January.
Five, fertilizer and water management
After the grape is covered, the water is filled once in a timely manner, and the whole shed is closed. 15kg of urea or 30kg of ammonium bicarbonate plus 3kg of boron fertilizer will be applied once a week before germination, and then watered once after application. At the same time, 0.5% urea solution and 100mg/L 920 were sprayed on the grape shoots to promote germination and increase the germination rate.
Sixth, the temperature and humidity control after the shed
1. After the shed is covered until the germination: the whole shed is closed, and the high temperature and high humidity state in the shed is relatively maintained, and the maximum temperature is controlled below 35 °C. When the temperature exceeds 90%, the grapevines are sprayed with water to increase the relative humidity.
2. After germination to pompon period: the highest temperature is controlled below 30 °C, and the lowest temperature is controlled above 5 °C. Insulation measures should be taken below the minimum critical temperature, such as double membrane coverage (ie, cover on the branches of plants in the greenhouse) A film and a greenhouse film are covered with a layer of non-woven fabric at night. The relative humidity is controlled below 60%. If the humidity is too high, the film can be covered in the garden to reduce the humidity and increase the ground temperature, and adjust the upper and lower growth balance. .
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