Abstract The 13th Annual Meeting of the 2013 Yabuli China Entrepreneur Forum was held in Yabuli, Heilongjiang Province from February 22nd to 24th, 2013. The above picture shows the honorary chairman of the Yabuli China Entrepreneur Forum and Liu Mingkang, former chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The following is a speech record: ...
The 13th Annual Meeting of the 2013 Yabuli China Entrepreneur Forum was held in Yabuli, Heilongjiang Province from February 22nd to 24th, 2013.
The above picture shows the honorary chairman of the Yabuli China Entrepreneur Forum and Liu Mingkang, former chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.
The following is a speech record:
Liu Mingkang: Chairman Tian Yuan, Chairman Chen Dongsheng, Chairman Wang Shilun, ladies and gentlemen, good evening everyone!
Thank you! Everyone knows about the "Five Civilizations" report. One is about economic construction, one talks about political construction, one talks about cultural construction, and also talks about social construction, and at the same time adds an ecological civilization. The essence of this spirit is that my experience in the transformation of China's economic and social development has entered a crucial period. Under the serious situation of increasing social conflicts, increasingly tight resource constraints, increasingly serious environmental pollution, and degraded ecosystems, the main The relationship is redefining inward. This relationship is simple. It is the relationship between the government and the people, the people and the people and the sky. Its main purpose is to find a serious imbalance between the three major relationships. Establish a balance to lay the foundation for realizing the Chinese dream.
From listening to the speech of General Secretary Xi, I got the most important sentiment. In the political field, the upper level now focuses on how to realize the three-in-one, that is, how to realize the people’s true masters and fully enjoy democracy. We build a legal society and strengthen the leadership of the party. How can these three be ordered, or organically combined, to find a new balance? This was proposed by the Seventh Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee and the 18th National Congress. I think it is a very important and very difficult task of political reform.
In the economic field, the short point is that we are proposing four major issues to be resolved in the 12th Five-Year Plan:
The first is overcapacity. It has never been to put overcapacity in the first place to discuss.
The second is energy conservation and emission reduction, and it is pointed out that overcapacity and energy conservation and emission reduction must be caught together.
The third is urbanization.
Fourth, it is clear that it is necessary to clarify and improve the role of the government to improve the efficiency of the government's future work.
Then I think that between political reform and economic reform, and the four major tasks of our economic reform and development, they are actually interrelated and interactive and influential. So to solve these problems, whether you like it or not, you have to solve it all together and make overall considerations so that you can reach the root. What I want to emphasize here today is that the market mechanism is the breakthrough point to solve these deep-seated problems in our country. Due to the relationship of time, today I can only talk about these views on one aspect of ecological civilization construction.
In January and February of this year, there have been long and recurring smog weather covering 1.3 million square kilometers in Beijing and the east, giving us an important warning that overcapacity, energy conservation and emission reduction have involved our environmental problems. It is time to take decisive measures and actions.
A recent report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that this smog is more serious than the pollution incident in London in the last century, because it is a hybrid of London's photochemical pollution and China's unique dust and gas fusion glue, so this happened in the past than in London. This smog that is harmful to the health of many people is even more powerful.
So far, China has accounted for 7 of the world's most polluted top ten cities. One-tenth of our land area has been polluted by heavy metals, and the pollution and scarcity of water resources have already been with us for half a century. Therefore, I also think that economic issues are always related to political issues and social issues. Now the public's dissatisfaction with environmental issues has become a social contradiction that has become more and more prominent after the demolition. It has triggered the occurrence of mass events in many cities, such as Ningbo, Xiamen and Nantong. It also reflects today's The patience of the Chinese public is already approaching the tipping point.
Like other problems, the environmental problem is considered to be the mistake of our development philosophy. The mismatch of incentives and constraints leads to the internalization of income, that is, the departmentalization of some departments, but the cost is externalized. It is socialization. The main reason for this is that there is a mistake in the mainstream consciousness of our development. In terms of environmental civilization, this mistake is one of the subtexts that has guided us over the years to be “first pollution and governanceâ€. China is too late, China must seize the stage of strategic opportunities, China We must catch up with others, so let's pollute it first, then go back and clean up the land and then manage it.
The second development of the mainstream consciousness is that the nature's self-purification ability is infinite, and the extreme left-wing trend is also doing things. This is what we have said for many years, "We have to turn against the left and against the right, but In the end, the current fundamental is still anti-left. I think this extreme left-wing trend of thought is that you are a pseudo-proposition and a micro-proposition.
Second, it is said that the West is a bad deliberate use of these things to suppress us. Our developing countries should not follow the rules, specific practices and specific standards of others and others. It is not difficult to see that after this repeated large-scale smog, and these smog will be concentrated, after paying a significant cost, our deviation in thinking will be corrected. We must accept the environment. There is such a new concept of price, the space of the environment is valuable, and the resources that consume the environment are subject to heavy costs and costs. This cost has always existed objectively, but it has been through pollution for a long time. The way is carried out by the public in countless communities.
The next task is to talk about how to do it? What I want to share with you is that the solution to environmental problems should pay attention to the market mechanism. The market mechanism is a more effective and economical tool for energy conservation and emission reduction and adjustment of our industrial structure. In fact, there are two specific political tools for dealing with environmental issues. Kind:
Everyone knows that administrative control and economic means, we still remember that in the last year of the 11th Five-Year Plan in the past, in order to complete the energy-saving and emission reduction targets, all localities have cut off power cuts, no two months, and they will start running on January 1st. Re-production, it seems that we have the same annual plan for energy conservation and emission reduction, and every factory has to go to the market to buy diesel generators to continue to discharge pollutants when the power is cut off. These measures are in the very fashionable words. The long result is like playing with it. The final result runs counter to us. The state has invested hundreds of billions to manage Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Huaihe River. Now the effects of these polluting and environmental pollution treatments are not obvious.
Therefore, today we use economic means to promote energy conservation and emission reduction and solve these environmental problems. It should be our consensus. The economic means are of course divided into two categories: the first is taxation. Everyone knows that sewage can be taxed and carbon emissions can be Carbon tax. The second is the market trading mechanism. I want to tell you about it here. Taxation is always rigid and cannot take into account the gap between different emission reduction entities.
As a one-way means of emission reduction, in fact, the taxpaying market entity is very easy to circumvent this tax, can evade taxes, and at the same time, if he can't escape, he will easily push this tax burden to consumers to avoid it, so it still makes the sewage discharge popular. The main body with high emission reduction efficiency can profit from the transfer of emission allowances. The inefficient ones must purchase other people's quotas to offset their excess emissions, and make a certain right to the environmental space. The momentum of climate change is deteriorating. Our industrial structure adjusts energy conservation and emission reduction and our environmental protection work to obtain funds. The market mechanism is very promising and contributes to the realization of a total amount of pollutant emissions. The United States 1980-1999, these two decades In the right time, the power generation has increased by more than 20%, but the sulfur dioxide emissions have dropped by about 20% due to the final control of the transaction. The EU can now bring in more than 30 billion euros of indirect income through the total amount and the transaction to ensure low carbon. Transforming and improving employment in difficult times, using market mechanisms rather than administrative means to eliminate backward production capacity, It can solve our overcapacity problem and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. The support is the carbon emission right we talk about. Specifically, it allows enterprises to regard the original emission of the eliminated capacity as an emission reduction indicator. Of course, the project must meet strict emission requirements. At the same time, it must purchase certain people's emission reduction targets to obtain permits. Enterprises that eliminate backward production capacity can obtain certain economic compensation through such transactions, and the government can also pass The means of fiscal and taxation guide him in parallel to upgrade the industry. This is far less than the resistance that we have to shut down other companies when we introduce it in the 11th Five-Year Plan. It is less likely to rebound than the power cut. While solving the excess capacity, we have also achieved the goal of energy saving and emission reduction and upgrading of our industry. I just heard from the vice governor of Heilongjiang Province that the subsequent transactions like this will enable those provinces that protect green, including Heilongjiang Province, to achieve more benefits.
Furthermore, this mechanism has also changed the role of the government and improved the efficiency of the government. The trading market is an effective platform for the government to achieve its policy objectives. If we use a trading platform to promote the implementation of policy objectives, its efficiency. It will be very high because:
First, its process is simplified, and transaction interaction is always much faster than our administrative approval.
Second, it has a scale effect, because once the trading activity is standardized, and the trading platform has an agglomeration effect, everyone buyers and sellers are agglomerating on it, so that a scale effect can be achieved.
Third, it will greatly reduce the government's cost. The government's preparation is limited. If it is to be expanded, it may be more difficult than to climb to Mount Everest, and it must be deeply involved in micro-transaction management. It is always felt that the government has insufficient staff. So now civil servants are now recruiting again.
When we have environmental pollution problems at the same time, we have used a lot of manpower and material resources in the maintenance of stability, and the cost is amazing. If we mobilize the enthusiasm of the market, we have the incentive means of the market, which is much better than the administrative control. For this reason, what should our government do in the face of a new situation? I think there are four things:
The first thing is that we should fundamentally adjust the orientation and evaluation system of assessment as soon as possible.
The second thing is to promote the establishment of market mechanisms, such as determining the total amount and distribution standards of our entire emissions, the allocation plan, the requirements for statistics, the requirements for transparency of information, and the testing, verification, and punishment. Requirements. Then establish a regulatory framework for the market mechanism, improve our legal system, and fine-tune these frameworks and the legal system in a timely and appropriate manner.
The third thing is that the government should allow financial innovation. In the two transactions of carbon emissions and emission rights, we can create a lot of carbon finance, whether it is carbon banks, carbon regimes, carbon insurance, carbon asset management companies, and Carbon funds, carbon ratings, and trading market ratings all create large markets that should allow for financial innovation.
The fourth thing is that there is a fiscal and taxation system that is well supported, so is there anything the government should not do? Yes, there are four such:
1. To stop the control impulse at the micro level, we have a kind of impulse to control, that is, we like to touch it in this microscopic level. We should not be more involved in the market level to micro operation.
2, for state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, large, medium and small enterprises can not have a different look, should be treated equally. Teacher Wu just spoke very well. Since the documents are stipulated, they should not be treated differently.
3. The government should not directly set up the market. Now many local governments have found that there is still a trading market for carbon. Since it can gather so much popularity, it can be used for a fee. You can rely on what committee I am, and what to do as a subsidiary institution. Even the power of any department is rented.
4. The government should not make a transition in risk management.
What should we do in the entrepreneurial market?
(1) It is a legally compliant transaction and operates transparently, because the entire market consists of four aspects, there is a buyer and seller, and at the same time, some witnesses, and finally there must be a fourth party to the transaction, and everyone must legally comply with the transaction. After fair and open transactions, we will liquidate and pay.
(2) It is the gathering of sellers to find buyers and help sellers to find buyers at the lowest possible cost.
(3) is to find the price, the core function of the market is to find the price, guide the investment through price signals to promote competition, and realize the optimal allocation of our resources.
Then entrepreneurs and markets have three things that should not be done:
(1) Never engage in fraud.
(2) Do not engage in excessive speculation.
(3) It is not necessary to trade inside and manipulate the market.
Finally, I would like to say that our corporate forum has been in the thirteenth session. Today we have a chance to develop a rare development strategy, that is, we are faced with major reforms, major changes, and major changes. For this we have to be fully prepared, what kind of preparation? I believe that in the era of knowledge economy, we must first have the capital. The knowledge and skills experience and the responsibility for society are the greatest capital. Therefore, all entrepreneurs should pay attention to learning. Therefore, Wang Shi is still traveling around the country at the age of 60. She is still studying for a long time. I feel that learning is very important. The exchange of corporate social responsibility, experience exchange and learning are very important. It includes how to make ourselves a reality through our practice. A company that is respected.
Second, I think our entrepreneurs hope that everyone has a vision, and we must pay attention to the accumulation of capital and the cultivation of corporate DNA. The DNA of a company is the gene of a company. It refers to all the elements of an organization that forms and guides all of our employees to work together and to do a good job. The DNA of many companies is still somewhat unhealthy, but we can see successful companies, including many companies in our association, as long as it succeeds, it has healthy DNA, so genetic engineering is also applicable to our company. The DNA that insists on maintaining one's health is the most crucial step in realizing the transformation of the learning results we have mentioned above into practical results. I have said in the past that the bad factor of a DNA that our Chinese companies are not prone to perpetually is a compromise.
The third is to unite and cooperate, to explore the establishment of a platform and training mechanism, to achieve large-scale industry exchanges and cross-industry exchanges between private enterprises, and to participate in the conception and preparation of large markets and big transactions.
Ladies and gentlemen:
Sun Yat-sen said many years ago that "I believe that it is feasible, then it is difficult to move mountains and reclamation, there is always a day of success." We firmly believe that the market mechanism is more feasible and I wish everyone success. Thank you entrepreneurs, thank you!
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