Common emergency rescue knowledge (2)

The basic knowledge of emergency rescue at the construction site includes basic knowledge of emergency rescue, first aid knowledge, trauma and rescue knowledge, first aid knowledge about poisoning and heat stroke, and emergency first aid measures for infectious diseases. Understanding and mastering these basic basic knowledge of first aid is a good part of our safety work. An important content.

First, fire first aid knowledge In general, there are three conditions for a fire, namely, combustible materials (wood, gasoline, etc.), combustible materials (oxygen, etc.) and ignition sources (open flames, pyrotechnics, welding flowers, etc.). All measures to extinguish the initial fire were to destroy the burning conditions that had already occurred.

1. Basic points for first aid in fires There should be trained and obliged fire brigade on the construction site: in the event of a fire, the fire brigade must be given first aid, and other personnel should be evacuated quickly.

(1) Timely warning and organization of the rescue: All employees should immediately call the police at any time and place to find out the fire, and participate in and organize the masses to extinguish the fire.

(2) Concentrate on the use of fire extinguishing equipment to control the fire and concentrate the fire fighting force in the main direction of the spread of fire to control the spread of fire.

(3) Eliminate flying fire, organize manpower to monitor the buildings around the fire site, and open fire at the place where the material is stored, and extinguish it in time.

(4) Evacuation of substances, arranging manpower and equipment, and transferring materials that are threatened by fire to safe areas to prevent the spread of fire.

(5) Actively rescue trapped persons: A fire occurs in the place where people are concentrated. Persons who are familiar with the situation must be guided and actively seek out and rescue trapped persons.

2, the basic method of fire emergency

(1) First control, then eliminate. For a fire that cannot be extinguished immediately, it is necessary to control the fire first, and when the fire-fighting conditions are met, a full-scale attack will be carried out in one fell swoop.

(2) Saving people is more important than firefighting. The purpose of fire extinguishing is to open a rescue passage so that trapped people can be rescued.

(3) The first priority, followed by a general. Compared with general materials, important materials protect and salvage important materials: the spread of fire is fierce. Compared with other aspects, controlling the spread of fire is the key point.

(4) Proper use of fire extinguishing equipment. Water is the most commonly used extinguishing agent. It is convenient to use and has abundant resources. However, it should be noted that water cannot be used to prevent fires in live equipment. The purpose and use of various fire extinguishers are as follows: Acid and alkali fire extinguisher : Turns a little shake or opens the switch, and the medicine is sprayed; it is suitable for fighting an oil fire.

Foam fire extinguisher: Turn the fire extinguisher body backwards: it is suitable for fighting fires such as wood, cotton, and paper, and it cannot prevent electrical and oil fires. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher: Hold the horn in one hand and aim it at the fire source. The other hand can open the switch. It can be used to extinguish valuable instruments and equipment, and it can not extinguish the fire of metal potassium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum. Halon fire extinguisher (1211): First unplug the pin, then hold the pressure switch, press the lever to open the sealing valve, the agent is ejected from the nozzle under the pressure of ammonia gas: suitable for the suppression of flammable liquids, combustible gases and electrical equipment, etc. Fire

Dry powder fire extinguisher: Open the insurance pin, point the nozzle to the fire source, pull out the pull ring, and then spray it out: It is suitable for fighting fires such as petroleum products, paints, organic solvents and electrical equipment.

(5) When people are evacuated from the fire and encircled by heavy smoke, they should take a low position to walk or smash through the smoke. If there are conditions, they can use wet towels to cover their mouths and noses, so as to smoothly withdraw from the smoke area: if it is impossible to escape, You can stretch out your clothes or throw out small objects, giving a signal to save attention.

(6) When evacuating materials, the employees participating in the evacuation shall be organized into groups. The designated person in charge shall first evacuate the passages. Next, the evacuation materials and evacuated materials shall be stacked in a safe area upwind, and the passageway shall not be blocked, and care shall be taken to send them.

II. Poisoning and Heat Stroke First Aid Knowledge Poisoning on the construction site mainly includes food poisoning, gas poisoning and toxic gas poisoning. Heat stroke refers to the fact that the personnel are in high position because of their high curtains.

1, food poisoning rescue

(1) It was found that when patients had vomiting, diarrhea, and other abnormal symptoms after a meal, they were given plenty of water to stimulate the throat to vomit.

(2) Immediately send the patient to the nearest hospital or call emergency telephone l20. (3) Timely report on the person in charge of the site and the local health and epidemic prevention department, and keep the remaining food for inspection.

3. Rescue of toxic gas poisoning

(1) When gas poisoning occurs during construction under the well (ground), personnel at the well (ground) must never blindly go to the rescue: they must send air to the accident site. The rescue personnel must be equipped with safety protection equipment to be able to continue to save lives.

(2) Immediately report the person in charge of the construction site and the relevant department. When there is no rescue condition on site, he shall call 11 or 120 for emergency.

4, the heat stroke

(l) Rapid transfer. Move the heat-strokers quickly to a cool, ventilated place. Unhook the clothes, take off the shoes, and let them lie flat. Do not raise your head.

(2) cooling. Rub the body with cold water or 50070 alcohol until the skin becomes red and the blood vessels expand to promote heat dissipation.

(3) Supplement water and inorganic salts. Patients who can drink water should encourage them to drink enough cold salted water or other beverages. Those who cannot drink water should be given intravenous fluids.

(4) timely treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure. In the case of respiratory failure, niclosamide or saponin can be injected. When circulatory failure occurs, sedative drugs such as luminazine can be injected.

(5) When the medical conditions are not perfect, the patients should be closely observed, carefully cared for, and sent to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

Third, the first aid measures for infectious diseases Because of the large number of construction site personnel, if not properly controlled, it is easy to cause collective infectious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to take corrective measures to prevent the infection of infectious diseases in large areas.

1. Isolate and disinfect the places where the cause may occur, and strictly control the re-dissemination of the disease.

2. Strengthen the education and management of on-site staff, implement the responsibility system at all levels, strictly perform employee registration procedures on the spot, and monitor the condition.

3. If employees are found to have bad symptoms such as collective fever and cough, they should immediately report to the person in charge of the site and the relevant competent authority to control the patient's isolation and initiate an emergency rescue plan. 4. Immediately send the patient to the hospital for treatment. The accompanying personnel must take protective measures.