The early spring frost damage of wheat is also called the cold spring. It refers to the period when the wheat has entered the period of rejuvenation and jointing in the “Spring†season. The cold weather has come to cool down, and the surface temperature has dropped below 0 °C, causing frost damage. Because the temperature has gradually warmed up and suddenly came to the cold wave, it is also called the cold spring.
Reasons for early spring freezing damage of wheat <br> In March and April, wheat has completed the development of vernalization stage and light stage. The development of cold resistance during the vernalization stage of wheat is reduced, and the jointing is started after the light stage, completely losing resistance to 0 °C. The following low temperature ability, when the cold wave comes, the night is clear and windless, the surface temperature of the ground drops sharply below 0 °C, and early spring damage will occur.
In the wheat field where the early spring frost damage occurs, the leaves are soaked in boiling water and dried up after being exposed to sunlight. The young cells of the young shoots at the top of the stem are more sensitive to low temperature than the leaf cells. The degree of freezing of young ears varies according to their developmental process. Generally speaking, they have entered the stamen and primordium differentiation stage (in the early stage of jointing), which is susceptible to freezing, the young ears are atrophied and deformed, and finally dried up; The young ears of the period are still transparent crystals after freezing and are not frozen to death. This is why the wheat field often shows that the main stem is frozen to death, the tiller is not frozen, or a part of the ear is frozen, and the late-sown wheat field is lighter than the early-season wheat.
Remedial measures (1) Appropriate varieties should be selected according to local conditions; suitable sowing; use semi-precision sowing techniques; reforming all the bottom fertilizers of nitrogen fertilizer “one shelling†as the combination of bottom fertilizer and topdressing, etc. Measures for freezing damage in early spring.
(2) Moderately inhibit growth in growing wheat fields. The method is to suppress in early spring. The repressed wheat field can inhibit the excessive growth and development of wheat, avoiding its premature jointing and reducing cold resistance.
(3) After the occurrence of freezing damage in early spring, it should be timely replenished and watered. Wheat is a crop with tillering characteristics. The wheat field that suffers from early spring freezing will not freeze all the parts of the wheat, and the wheat axillary buds can grow into long ears. Wheat that has been damaged by early spring damage should be applied immediately with nitrogen fertilizer and watering. The coupling of nitrogen and water will promote the early tillering of wheat, the cockroach cockroach, the increase of tillering rate and the loss of frost damage.
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