In winter, various fruit trees enter the dormant period and are forced into dormancy. During this period, the trees stop growing, and various pests and diseases begin to hide and cluster over the winter. It is the weakest and most vulnerable period of disease and pests on fruit trees. Management is important for the safe wintering of fruit trees and improving the yield and quality of the coming year.
1. Strengthen plastic trimming. Fruit tree plastic trimming should be treated according to the growth characteristics of different tree species. Mainly take short cut, thin branches, pull branches and other pruning methods. Through winter pruning, the canopy is cultivated into a reasonable high-yield tree shape. The deciduous fruit trees are generally from mid-November to the end of February; the evergreen fruit trees are from mid-February to mid-March. Different fruit trees adopt different tree shapes. Pears generally adopt a small crown and a single layer of happy shape. Peach, plum, plum and apricot are generally used in natural form, and citrus and medlar are rounded.
2. Deeply change the soil and apply the base fertilizer. The orchard that has been knotted should be taken deep and green in the whole garden. Autumn and winter are the most suitable time for the application of base fertilizer in my orchard. Fertilization amount: adult, farm, pear, citrus, alfalfa, grape, jujube, etc. Fertilized manure 2000-2500kg plus phosphate fertilizer 50-100kg/mu or organic compound fertilizer 200-400kg/mu; peach, plum, plum, apricot, Cherry, bayberry, etc. are used in half, and deep grooves of about 30 cm deep, radiation ditch, and ditch are applied, and the soil is covered after application.
3. Qingyuan. It is best to carry out a garden clearing after the deciduous fruit trees are all fallen. The litter of the litter is one of the main wintering places for many pests. When clearing the garden, the dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, bark and stiff fruit must be concentrated, fertilized, buried or burned. Insects, dead fruits, dead leaves, etc. Eliminating the wintering pests and diseases on litter can greatly reduce the number of pests and diseases in the leap year.
4. Scrape bark and apply protective agent. The orchard uses a whitening agent, which has insecticidal sterilization and anti-freezing effect. The white coating should be after the plastic trimming and the old warping scraping. The white coating part is mainly the main stem and the main branch from 1 to 1.5 meters above the ground.
5, spray control. After the tree is trimmed and before the spring germination, the whole garden is sprayed with a strong contact sterilization, insecticide and acaricide. The whole garden is sprayed with 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture; 40% pyrimethanil can be used for germination. Amine 800 times or 21% peracetic acid (Wangquan) 300 times +40% chlorpyrifos 800 times plus 5% acetamiprid 1500 times leaching branches to prevent rot, aphids, scale insects and other winter pests.
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